Ankara Citadel, Ankara (must see)

Ankara Citadel is a significant historical site in the city of Ankara. Its construction dates back to the 7th century or later, with the initial fortification built by the Phrygians in the 8th century BC and later reconstructed in 278 BC by the Galatians. Throughout the centuries, the fortress was renovated and rebuilt under the rule of the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman empires.

The fortress comprises an inner wall with closely spaced towers that encircle a central area, as well as an outer wall lined with towers. Both walls were constructed using repurposed masonry after the Persian capture and destruction of Ankara in 622 AD. The inner walls may have been built during Constans II's reign, while the outer walls were likely established slightly later.

The Citadel's current appearance is the result of restoration efforts in 1832, funded and managed by Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Ottoman Egypt's governor Mehmed Ali Pasha. During the restoration, fragments of Roman sarcophagi, Latin-inscribed marble slabs, and Roman structure column heads were incorporated into the castle's structure. Today, remnants of the Roman era can still be seen within the towering walls.

Ankara Citadel has become a popular tourist destination in the Turkish capital. Visitors can enjoy exploring the ancient castle walls, walking along cobblestone paths, visiting art studios and world-class museums, watching skilled street performers, relaxing in trendy cafes, and shopping in small stores offering a variety of products.