Château d'If, Marseille (must see)

Perched on the Île d'If, the smallest island in the Frioul archipelago just 1.5 kilometers off the coast of Marseille, stands the Château d'If—a formidable fortress with a rich history. Constructed in the 16th century, this stronghold once served as a prison, confining inmates until the late 19th century. In 1890, it underwent demilitarization and welcomed the public, swiftly becoming one of Marseille's most frequented attractions.

The architecture of the Château d'If showcases a square structure with three stories, each side measuring 28 meters (92 feet) in length, flanked by three towers that housed imposing gun embrasures. The brainchild of King Francis I, this fortress was conceived during a visit in 1516 when the island's strategic significance for coastal defense against sea attacks became apparent.

Given its remote location and treacherous offshore currents, the Château d'If was deemed an inescapable prison. Over time, it gained infamy as a place where political and religious detainees were banished, instilling fear throughout France.

In the 19th century, the fortress gained fame due to Alexandre Dumas' novel "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1844). The protagonist, Edmond Dantès, and his mentor, Abbé Faria, were imprisoned there. The gripping tale depicts Dantès' daring escape after fourteen years, but the real history of such an escape is unknown.

As the 19th century came to a close, the Château d'If retired from its role as a prison and opened its gates to the public on September 23, 1890. Accessible by boat from Marseille's old port, it quickly garnered popularity as the famed setting for Dumas' literary masterpiece.

In July 1867, the famous writer Mark Twain visited the captivating fortress during a leisurely journey. In his book, "The Innocents Abroad," he recalls his guided exploration of the prison, which was not yet open to the public. Inside, he saw cells, with one believed to have held the mysterious "Iron Mask." However, this remains a mere legend, as history has no records of the "Man in the Iron Mask" being held at Château d'If.

Today, the Château d'If holds the distinction of being designated a "Historical Monument" by the French Ministry of Culture.

Why You Should Visit:
Terrific boat ride from the Old Port, peaceful grounds, and great fun walking through all the prison cells, especially related to the story of Monte Cristo.
If you have time then you can even have a beer, coffee or meal at the bar with outdoor seating. Toilets are clean and easily accessible off the boat ride.

Tip:
While you get great views of Marseille from the upper levels, take the time to also walk around the base of the Château.
You may use the Marseille City Pass for the trip, but note that the island remains closed in bad weather or rough sea conditions.