Chilean National Museum of Natural History, Santiago

The Chilean National Museum of Natural History (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural) stands as one of Chile's prestigious national museums, sharing this honor with the Museum of Fine Arts and the National History Museum. Nestled within the scenic Quinta Normal Park, this museum holds a remarkable history in South America, being one of the oldest natural history institutions in the region.

The museum's origin dates back to September 14, 1830, when it was established under the guidance of the French naturalist Claudio Gay, following the commission from the Chilean government. Its primary focus initially revolved around studying the country's biology and geography, with particular emphasis on crops and mineral resources. A defining moment came in 1875 when the current building was erected, initially intended as a palace or pavilion for the Chilean International Exhibition.

Over time, the museum expanded its horizons, and by 1889, dedicated departments for botany, zoology, and mineralogy were created. The dissemination of knowledge also took a formal shape with the publication of the National Museum Bulletin in 1908, now continued as the Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History.

Despite facing the challenges of earthquakes in August 1906 and April 1927, which caused damage to the museum, it persevered and continued to serve as a repository of invaluable natural treasures. Humberto Fuenzalida served as the museum's director until 1964 when Grete Mostny assumed the position. Her leadership extended until 1982, leaving a profound impact on the institution's growth and prominence.