Citadel of Cascais, Cascais

The Citadel of Cascais is a historic complex of fortifications built between the 15th and 17th centuries. It was originally constructed to safeguard the Cascais coastline and the estuary of the River Tagus. Its purpose was also to defend against potential attacks on Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.

The Citadel of Cascais comprises three distinct elements, each with its own unique history and significance:

Tower of Santo António de Cascais: The earliest construction on the site dates back to between 1410 and 1415. To address constant threats, especially from English forces, King John II of Portugal initiated the construction of a medieval-style tower on the Point of Salmodo, southwest of Cascais Bay. Known as the Torre de Santo António de Cascais, this tower was strategically positioned to collaborate with artillery ships and two other fortresses in the defense of Lisbon.

Fortress of Our Lady of Light (Nossa Senhora da Luz de Cascais): In 1594, during the reign of Philip I, the construction of the Fortress of Our Lady of Light was initiated. Designed by the Italian Captain Fratino, this fortress featured an unconventional triangular layout that ingeniously incorporated the existing Torre de Santo António de Cascais as one of its three bastions. The fortress included an inner courtyard that facilitated communication among the bastions, and it housed batteries, barracks, and cisterns.

Former Royal Palace Area: In the 19th century, King Luís I of Portugal directed the adaptation of the citadel for use as a royal retreat and resting place for the royal family and nobility. As part of this transformation, the royal palace area was constructed, which now serves as a museum. This period marked the rise of Cascais as a favored summer destination for affluent residents of Lisbon. Notably, in 1878, the Citadel became the first location in Portugal to be illuminated with electric lights.

Over the years, the Citadel of Cascais has seen various restorations and adaptations, integrating it into the modern landscape of the surrounding areas. It now serves as a captivating backdrop for the Cascais Marina. The complex includes a hotel and an Arts Centre known as the Cidadela Arts District.