Duomo di Messina (Messina Cathedral), Messina (must see)

Messina Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption, is one of the most significant historical and religious landmarks in Messina. Originally built during the Norman period, it was consecrated in 1197 by Archbishop Berardo in the presence of Emperor Henry VI of Swabia and Queen Constance of Hauteville.

The cathedral underwent major renovations and artistic enhancements starting in the 14th century, particularly under Archbishop Guidotto de Abbiate, who commissioned mosaics in the apse bowls and embellishments for the façade. In the 16th century, sculptor Giovan Angelo Montorsoli contributed to the decoration of the marble floor and the Chapels of the Apostles. The 17th century brought additional Baroque-style elements, altering the cathedral’s original medieval design.

However, in 1783, a devastating earthquake destroyed its 90-meter-high bell tower, which was replaced by two smaller towers on the side apses. A large dome was also added over the transept, further transforming the cathedral’s architectural profile.

The most catastrophic event in the cathedral’s history occurred on December 28, 1908, when a powerful earthquake devastated Messina, claiming 60,000 lives and reducing much of the city to rubble. The cathedral was almost entirely destroyed, with only its perimeter walls and apses left standing. Despite this tragedy, the cathedral was rebuilt, preserving as much of its historical and artistic heritage as possible.