Elephant Fountain, Catania

The Elephant Fountain (Fontana dell'Elefante) is a striking landmark in the heart of Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) in Catania. Designed by architect Giovanni Battista Vaccarini between 1735 and 1737, this monument has become the emblem of Catania, showcasing the city’s resilience and cultural richness following the devastating earthquake of 1693.

The fountain's centerpiece is a black basalt statue of an elephant, affectionately called U Liotru, a symbol of the city. The origins of Vaccarini's inspiration are debated, with some attributing it to Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Elephant and Obelisk in Rome, while others see a link to the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, a Renaissance text.

The fountain’s base, made of white marble, features sculptures representing the Simeto and Amenano rivers, the key to Catania’s identity. The elephant statue itself faces the Cathedral of Saint Agatha, the city's patron saint, with an Egyptian-style obelisk mounted on its back. This granite obelisk, likely from ancient Syene, bears decorative motifs but no decipherable hieroglyphs. Atop the obelisk are symbolic elements: a globe, palm leaves for martyrdom, lilies for purity, and a metal tablet inscribed with a dedication to Saint Agatha, crowned by a cross.

Since its creation, the fountain has undergone multiple renovations, reflecting its central role in Catania’s history. Initially completed in 1737, a marble basin was added in 1757. In 1826, an iron fence and garden were installed, though these were later removed in 1998 to create a more accessible public space. Notably, the fountain narrowly escaped relocation to Piazza Palestro in 1862, thanks to a popular uprising led by Bonaventura Gravina.

Today, the Elephant Fountain stands as a symbol of Catania's spirit, blending history, artistry, and devotion in one iconic monument.