Erechtheion, Athens (must see)

Constructed between 421 and 406 BC, the Erechtheion was dedicated to two powerful deities of the Greek pantheon, Athena and Poseidon. According to myth, the two competed for the city's patronage, to secure which they each provided a valuable gift. Poseidon, the god of the sea, struck the ground with his trident, creating a saltwater spring, while Athena, the goddess of wisdom, planted an olive tree that sprouted. Her gift was deemed more beneficial by locals, and so she became the city's patron. They also say that this temple stands on the very spot where Poseidon's trident left its marks.

A sacred sanctuary and a focal point for religious rituals in classical Athens, this unique monument is renowned for its graceful Ionic architecture. The spacious rectangular cella inside used to comprise three chambers. One of them held the sacred olivewood statue of Athena, while the other two were dedicated to Poseidon, symbolizing their reconciliation after the legendary conflict.

The cella was encircled by porticoes on the north, east, and south sides. The latter, famously known as the Porch of the Caryatids, featured six imposing female statues supporting the porch roof with their heads. The maiden sculptures currently in place are replicas; the originals are kept in the Acropolis Museum, protected from elements to avoid further deterioration.

Over the years, the Erechtheion complex has served various purposes, including as a harem for the wives of the Ottoman commander, in 1463. It also suffered extensive damage when a Turkish shell struck it during the Greek War of Independence, in 1827. Today, the temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Tip:
Consider taking a guided tour for a comprehensive understanding of the site's history and significance. If you opt to explore it independently, plan to visit in the morning and be sure to carry water, as no refreshments are available inside.