Ethnographic Museum, Cairo

The Ethnographic Museum was established in 1895 and can be found within the Egyptian Geographical Society, an institution initiated by Khedive Ismail in 1875. The museum's collection comprises valuable artifacts depicting the lifestyles and customs of the people living in the Nile Valley. Initially, these artifacts were gathered by scientific expeditions dispatched by the Society to explore the sources of the Nile River. Additionally, the Egyptian Army contributed rare photographs and items dating back to the 19th century, showcasing daily life in Sudan. Contributions from both Egyptian and foreign geographers further enriched the museum's collection, forming its core during its inauguration.

In 1924, the Society entrusted Ernest S. Thomas with the task of creating a museum catalog, studying the collection, and arranging its exhibition. Starting in 1928, the Society began acquiring new items from Cairo and rural regions to depict Egyptian traditions and cultures. Consequently, the collection evolved into a compelling representation of life in the Nile Valley.

The museum is divided into six sections. The first section focuses on Cairo and contains original objects from the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. The second section highlights traditional crafts, which have since become obsolete due to the advent of machine production. The third section recreates a hall from an upper-class house in Cairo, featuring furniture and objects used for various occasions. The fourth section is dedicated to rural life in Egypt and showcases items used in the daily lives of the rural population. The fifth section is dedicated to Africa and the Nile Valley, boasting a valuable collection of weapons, musical instruments, and an extensive array of photographs. Lastly, the sixth section is dedicated to the Suez Canal.