Fort St. Pieter (Saint Peter's Fortress), Maastricht (must see)

Perched atop Saint Peter’s Mount, Saint Peter’s Fortress (Fort Sint Pieter) is a historic military structure in Maastricht. Constructed in the 18th century, the fortress was designed to strengthen the city’s defenses following the devastating French invasion and sack of Maastricht in 1673. Its imposing hexagonal shape, thick walls, and extensive underground tunnels made it a formidable stronghold.

The fortress was put to the test in 1793 when a Dutch garrison of 4,500 men, under the command of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, successfully defended Maastricht against a 15,000-strong French army. The defensive design, featuring gunnery windows and strategic fortifications, proved nearly impenetrable. However, in 1794, during another French siege led by General Kléber, the fortress was attacked from the rear. Though it withstood significant force, the fort was ultimately decommissioned in the 19th century and underwent modernization.

Today, Saint Peter’s Fortress is a well-preserved historical site offering guided tours that take visitors through its intricate network of tunnels, cannon galleries, and a hidden water well. From its elevated position, the fortress provides stunning panoramic views of Maastricht and the surrounding Limburg countryside. Visitors can also explore the nearby marl caves, which are closely linked to the fortress, and enjoy the charming eateries and walking trails around the site.

Restored in 2011, the fortress remains an enduring symbol of Maastricht’s resilience. It serves as both a reminder of the city’s turbulent past and a popular attraction for those interested in military history, architecture, and scenic landscapes. Tickets for tours can be purchased at the adjacent Maastricht Underground shop, where visitors can also book combination tours that include cave explorations or cycling excursions.