Kukaldosh Madrasah, Bukhara

Kukaldosh Madrasah, situated near the historic Lyab-i Hauz complex in Bukhara, is a prominent architectural landmark built between 1568 and 1569. It is recognized as the largest madrasah in Bukhara and among the largest in Central Asia. The construction occurred during the reign of Abdullah-Khan II and was financed by the Bukhara governor Kulbab. Kulbab, who was titled Kukeldash or 'milk brother', a high courtly title, due to his strong connections with the khans. This significant title later inspired the naming of the madrasah.

Despite common misconceptions, Kukaldosh Madrasah is not part of the Lyab-i Hauz complex; archaeological studies have confirmed it as a standalone structure. Architecturally, the madrasah was revolutionary for its time, deviating from the typical solid rectangular design common to other madrasahs. It features walls with niches and balconies adorned with stucco ornaments, surrounding a spacious courtyard lined with 160 'hujra' cells across two floors.

The craftsmanship of Kukaldosh Madrasah is notable for its intricate stucco arches and a front gate mosaic made without the use of glue or nails, showcasing exquisite geometric patterns. Throughout its history, the madrasah has served multiple purposes beyond education, including functioning as a caravanserai in the 18th century.

Additionally, the madrasah is linked to the cultural heritage of Central Asia through Sadriddin Ayni, a renowned poet and writer. He lived and worked within its walls until his death in the mid-20th century. Today, part of Kukaldosh Madrasah houses a memorial museum dedicated to his life and works, featuring his personal belongings and manuscripts, further cementing its cultural and historical significance in the region.