L’amphithéâtre de Caesarodunum (Caesarodunum Amphitheater), Tours

The Caesarodunum Amphitheater, commonly known as the Tours Amphitheater, is a remarkable Roman structure situated in the historic center of Tours, nestled immediately behind the renowned Tours Cathedral. Originating in the 1st century during the era when Tours was referred to as Caesarodunum, the amphitheater was strategically constructed atop a small hill on the city's outskirts. This location not only protected it from floods but also facilitated easy access for crowds, visibly demonstrating the city’s power from afar.

Initially, this elliptical structure measured approximately 122 meters by 94 meters. Its design, deemed "primitive," largely consisted of earthworks rather than the masonry that characterizes later Roman amphitheaters like the Colosseum. Spectators likely sat on grassy slopes, with masonry used primarily for essential structures such as vomitoria (entrance and exit passages) and retaining walls.

In the 2nd century, the amphitheater was significantly expanded to 156 meters by 134 meters, positioning it among the largest of its kind in the Roman Empire. The rationale behind this expansion remains unclear, especially given the city's modest population growth at the time. Subsequently, in the 3rd century, it transformed into a fortress, incorporating a rampart-style wall, a common adaptation during the decline of the Roman Empire.

As the Middle Ages set in, the structure fell into ruin. Canonical houses were constructed over it, gradually obscuring and integrating parts of the amphitheater, such as transforming the vomitoria into cellars. The amphitheater itself was forgotten until its rediscovery in 1855, prompted by peculiar street layouts and lot patterns in the district that hinted at its underlying presence. Further investigations in the 1960s and more rigorous studies over the past decade have continued to refine understanding and theories about this ancient structure.

Today, while the remains of the Tours Amphitheater are not protected as a historic site in their own right, the houses built upon it have received recognition as historical monuments. These ruins are not only among the oldest in the city but also provide invaluable insights into the early urban development and historical landscape of Tours.