Macellum (Provision Market), Pompei

The Macellum of Pompei was built alongside the Forum, in order to provide further space for the city’s growing central market. The existing building was constructed in approximately 130 BC, replacing the original macellum building. Built around a central courtyard, the north and south sides both hold twelve separate units for the sale of foodstuffs.

Upon discovering the large, columned building, archaeologists at first believed it to be a pantheon – a central temple for the worship of many gods. It was only after the discovery of fish bones and jarred fruits underneath the ash that it became clear this building was used as a market. It is believed that permanent stalls were set up on the north side, hidden for much of the day from the sun. These stores sold fruit, nuts and bread, amongst other things. The stalls on the south side were used by local traders to sell meat and fish. There is a well in the centre of the courtyard, which was used by vendors to clean and gut fish.

The Macellum had three entrances – the southern entrance is notable for the checkerboard patterned wall adjacent to it. It is considered to be the finest quality wall constructed during the Roman era of Pompei. At the back of the market, there is a mysterious room, which was used as a shrine. There has been much debate over the paintings and statues found there. The latest and most widely accepted theory is that they depict Emperor Augustus Caesar, as well as local figures that commanded respect within the town.