Mainz Cathedral, Mainz (must see)

The Mainz Cathedral, a towering symbol of Christianity's long-standing presence in Mainz, traces its roots back to 746 when Saint Boniface introduced Christianity to the region. Archbishop Willigis, inspired by Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome, ordered the construction of the cathedral, which was unfortunately ravaged by fire on the very day of its consecration in 1009. Despite the damage, the cathedral was repaired by 1036, and over time, it has evolved into a blend of styles that reflect centuries of architectural and historical changes.

The original Romanesque style is still visible in the cathedral’s triple-nave basilica and its bronze door facing the square. Over the years, additional chapels and structures have been added, each showcasing the design trends of their respective eras. One of the more notable additions is Saint Gotthard’s Chapel, built in 1137, which stands out with its lighter stone.

Fire has been a recurring adversary for Mainz Cathedral, striking seven times throughout its history. To prevent further damage, the spire was reconstructed from stone in 1767. The east chancel, the oldest part of the cathedral, features walls over two meters thick, providing a glimpse into its early construction. The Romanesque west chancel, dating to 1239, was later enhanced by a Gothic belfry in the 15th century.

Mainz Cathedral also holds historical significance as a site of royal coronations in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. The Diet of Pentecost, one of the most legendary medieval feasts, was held here. Despite enduring heavy damage during attacks by French and Prussian troops in the late 18th century, as well as during World War II, the cathedral has been meticulously restored over the years. Its foundations were reinforced in the early 20th century after the Rhine River’s correction caused structural issues.

Inside, the cathedral remains a treasure trove of art and history. The Ketteler Chapel is home to an altar dedicated to the Virgin Mary, along with the serene statue of the "Serene Lady of Mainz," a wood-carved figure dating back to 1510. The cathedral also houses the tombs of its bishops and boasts a cherished portrait gallery of ecclesiastical dignitaries.

Today, Mainz Cathedral stands not only as a religious site but also as a testament to the city's resilience and rich history. It continues to be a focal point of Mainz, drawing visitors from around the world to marvel at its architecture, art, and historical significance.