Paired Fortress Gates, Baku

The Paired Fortress Gates of Baku, also known as the Gates of Shah Abbas or the Shamakhi Gates, are a historic architectural marvel in Azerbaijan. Situated in the northern wall of the ancient Baku Fortress, these gates serve as a testament to the city's rich history and strategic importance. Originating from the ancient caravan route from Shamakhi, these gates have been a key entry point to the fortress.

Construction of the first gate commenced in the 12th century, ordered by Manuchohr III during the initial phases of the fortress's construction. The second gate, known as the Gates of Zulfugar Khan, was added in the 17th century under the reign of Shah I Abbas by Zulfugar Khan. Remarkably, despite being constructed centuries apart, both gates share nearly identical dimensions and designs, reflecting the consistent architectural style maintained over the periods.

The gates were fortified with embrasures and battlements to protect against enemy attacks, demonstrating their strategic military importance. In 1796, a pivotal moment in their history occurred when Baku Khan Huseyngulu surrendered the fortress keys to the Russians. Subsequently, in 1883, the Gates of Zulfugar were moved to align with the Shamakhi Gate, completing the pairing in 1886.

Until the late 19th century, these gates remained the sole entrance and exit to the fortress. They have undergone several restoration phases: in 1864, during Soviet rule from 1952 to 1957, and most recently from 2018 to 2019, ensuring their preservation and continued prominence as a historical site.

Today, the Paired Fortress Gates are a major tourist attraction in Baku. Located adjacent to a tourist information center, they are part of a lively area, with a section of the adjacent wall often featuring artistic murals. The vicinity thrives with commercial activity, hosting a row of shops by day and numerous restaurants, enriching the cultural experience for visitors.