President's House, Philadelphia

The President's House in Philadelphia holds a unique place in American history as the third U.S. Presidential Mansion and a pivotal site during the nation's early years. Occupied by George Washington from November 27, 1790, to March 10, 1797, and by John Adams from March 21, 1797, to May 30, 1800, this residence served as the executive mansion before the White House was completed.

Constructed around 1767 by Mary Masters, a widow, the house was situated just one block north of the Pennsylvania Statehouse, now known as Independence Hall. It briefly played a significant role during the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1777–1778, serving as headquarters for General Sir William Howe and the British Army. After the British evacuated in June 1778, the house became the headquarters for Military Governor Benedict Arnold.

Philadelphia was the national capital from 1790 to 1800, a period during which the city was the heart of American political life. The house was owned by Robert Morris, a financier of the Revolutionary War and a Founding Father, who provided it for George Washington's use. Reflecting the complexities of the era, Washington brought nine enslaved Africans from his Mount Vernon estate to work in the presidential household, a fact that underscores the entwined histories of freedom and slavery in the United States.

However, the exact location of The President's House was forgotten over time, leading to the unintentional demolition of its surviving walls in 1951. This loss sparked a significant historical and cultural reassessment, culminating in the 2010 commemoration of the site. This effort was driven by historians and African American groups, who advocated for the recognition of the house's complex legacy, including its role in the history of slavery in the United States.