Saint Mark's Basilica, Heraklion

The Basilica of Saint Mark stands proudly in Eleftheriou Venizelou Square, directly opposite the Lions Fountain. Dating back to the 13th century, precisely in 1239, the Venetians, seeking to fortify their dominion over Candia (modern-day Heraklion), and driven by a profound devotion to their homeland, erected the Basilica of Saint Mark. Dedicated to their patron saint, Saint Mark, the basilica served as a locus for official Venetian ceremonies and the final resting place for Venetian nobility.

The basilica's original design featured a straightforward layout with a covered portico, resembling the structure visitors encounter today. In 1956, the Society for Cretan Historical Studies undertook the significant task of restoring the building to its authentic form, preserving its historical essence.

At the southwest corner of the basilica, a towering structure housed a large clock facing Lions Square—a homage to Saint Mark's Basilica in Venice. This bell tower, modeled after its Venetian counterpart, became an integral part of the basilica's identity.

Over the centuries, the Basilica of Saint Mark weathered various earthquakes, withstanding the test of time with minimal repairs. However, during the Ottoman era, the basilica underwent a transformation into the Defterdar Mosque, named after Defterdar Ahmet Pasha, the Supreme Treasurer under Turkish rule. The Ottomans, in their alterations, dismantled the bell tower and erected a minaret in its place.

Today, the basilica serves a new purpose as the Municipal Art Gallery, welcoming visitors from near and far. Its doors are open almost daily, inviting exploration into the layers of history and cultural significance that define this venerable Venetian monument in the heart of Heraklion.