Saranta Kolones (Forty Columns Castle), Paphos

In the heart of the Paphos Archaeological Park lies the intriguing Forty Columns Castle. This medieval fortress is steeped in history, and its evocative name is derived from the numerous granite columns discovered on the site, which are believed to have once graced the ancient agora.

The story of Forty Columns Castle begins in the late 7th century AD. It was during this time that the Byzantines constructed this formidable castle to serve a crucial role: to protect the bustling port and the city of Nea Pafos from the persistent threat of Arab raids. Standing tall, it was a symbol of defense and resilience in the face of adversity.

Over time, this Byzantine stronghold experienced a series of transformations. The Lusignans, known for their architectural prowess, undertook its remodeling, further enhancing its defensive capabilities and grandeur. Forty Columns Castle was an imposing sight with its three-meter-thick walls, crowned by four massive corner towers and an additional four intermediary towers positioned along the joining walls. A protective moat encircled the castle, and access was granted through a sturdy wooden bridge that spanned this watery barrier.

Stepping into Saranta Kolones reveals a square courtyard measuring 35 meters in both length and width. Here, a tower graced each corner, a symbol of strength and resilience. The main entrance, however, lay on the east side, guarded by a fifth horseshoe-shaped tower.

Despite its might and purpose, Saranta Kolones couldn't escape the fickle hand of fate. In 1222, an earthquake shook the foundations of the fortress, leading to its eventual downfall. The castle, once a symbol of protection, was subsequently abandoned.

In more recent times, archaeologists have embarked on a series of excavations, seeking to unlock the mysteries held within Saranta Kolones. These endeavors have shed light on the castle's past, revealing the architectural wonders and the stories of its defenders. Visitors today have the opportunity to explore the ruins and walk in the footsteps of those who safeguarded Paphos long ago.