St. Bogorodica Perivlepta Church, Ohrid

Saint Bogorodica Perivlepta Church, situated in the picturesque old city of Ohrid, just inside the Gorna Porta, is a testament to Byzantine architectural and artistic mastery from the 13th century. The church, built in 1295 and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, whose title "Perivlepta" means "the Omniscient and Clairvoyant," holds significant historical and cultural value. It stands as one of the oldest churches in Ohrid and once served as the cathedral of the Archbishopric of Ohrid during a time when Saint Sophia was converted into a mosque.

The church was commissioned by Progon Zgur, the son-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II. It is renowned for its frescoes, which were restored in 2017, and painted by the master artists Michael and Eutychius. These frescoes are noted for their vivid biblical depictions and a pioneering style that incorporated elements of Renaissance art, such as realism and dynamics, although lacking in perspective. Uniquely, the figures in these frescoes are portrayed not in the traditional Byzantine manner—thin and emotionless—but as robust, healthy young men with a lifelike appearance, complete with red cheeks.

Michael and Eutychius, celebrated for being among the first Byzantine artists to sign their works, have left their signatures in 20 hidden locations throughout the church, including on the front columns of the sword and the cloth of two holy warriors. This innovative approach marked a significant shift in Byzantine art, moving away from its earlier phases to embrace more realistic and dynamic expressions, reflecting the last phase of Byzantine culture and incorporating elements of local folk customs.

In addition to its artistic significance, Saint Bogorodica Perivlepta is also a sanctuary of deep spiritual importance. It houses the remains of Saint Clement of Ohrid, a major disciple of saints Cyril and Methodius, and is known as a site where one of the most important icons on Macedonian territory was discovered. The church also features an icon gallery that highlights the founders' artistic achievements, offering superb views of the lake and Old Town from its terrace.