Saint Helen's Church and Square, York

Saint Helen's Church in York, a Grade II* listed building, boasts a rich history that spans several centuries. Dating back to the 14th century, this parish church in the Church of England experienced a significant period of redundancy in 1551, during which it was partially demolished. Despite these challenges, the church was restored and brought back into service.

Between 1857 and 1858, architect W H Dykes led an extensive reconstruction, which included the rebuilding of the north, south, and east walls, replacement of the church roof, and installation of open seating in place of traditional pews. The chancel was notably rebuilt and extended, improving its structure significantly. Furthermore, advancements such as gas lighting were added to enhance the church’s ambiance.

Saint Helen's Square, an integral part of York's city center, holds historical significance that traces back to the Roman era when it was the site of Eboracum's southwestern gate. Originally part of Saint Helen's Church graveyard, the area was transformed into a public square after the church received new land for a graveyard in 1745, and the old graveyard was paved over.

By the 18th century, Saint Helen's Square had developed into a bustling hub with the York Tavern, established in 1770, serving as a major stagecoach departure point to London. The square also hosted Terry’s shop from 1818, which later expanded to include a restaurant until its closure in 1980. Today, the square is known for its vibrant activities including the annual Christmas tree lighting and various public demonstrations.

The square is surrounded by significant streets and buildings. Notable structures include the Mansion House, the York Guildhall visible through a gateway, and historically important buildings housing entities like Yorkshire Insurance Company and York County Savings Bank. The square's historical and architectural value is further highlighted by several listed buildings such as the former Terry's building and Bettys tea rooms housed in the structures built in 1929.

Together, Saint Helen's Church and Square encapsulate a blend of historical reverence and contemporary vitality, making them key landmarks in York’s cultural and community landscape.