Temple de Diane (Temple of Diana), Nimes

The Temple of Diana, a remarkable 1st-century ancient Roman structure in Nîmes, stands as a testament to the architectural and historical richness of the region. This structure, known as the Temple of Diana, was built during the reign of Augustus and is located near the gushing spring of "La Fontaine." It is closely associated with an Augusteum, a sanctuary dedicated to the veneration of the emperor and his family, with a central focus on a nymphaeum.

Although traditionally referred to as the Temple of Diana, its basilica-like floor plan raises questions about its classification as a temple, and there is a lack of archaeological or literary evidence to support its dedication to Diana. Some suggest that this building may have served as a library instead. During the 2nd century, its façade was reconstructed, and in medieval times, it found use as a monastery, which contributed to its preservation over the years.

In 1745, during the creation of the La Fontaine garden, the Temple of Diana was excavated, revealing its architectural and historical significance. The building, with its unusual roof construction, features several intricately designed thick barrel-vaulted rooms, constructed with meticulously cut ashlars that support an upper floor. Partially carved into the side of Mount Cavalier, the building was originally accompanied by annexes. The main facade is characterized by three grand arches, adding to its grandeur.

The remains of the Temple of Diana mainly consist of a vaulted hall measuring 14.5 meters by 9.5 meters, flanked by two staircases that led to adjacent, no longer existing, structures. The north side wall is adorned with a series of five rectangular niches, each surmounted by alternating triangular and semi-circular pediments. Columns of the composite order stood between each niche, enhancing the architectural details. Additionally, three other rooms showcase ceilings adorned with intricately carved coffered designs.

One remarkable archaeological discovery during the 1745 excavations was the opus sectile floor, composed of precious marble pieces of various colors arranged within a mortar backing. This extraordinary historical site was not only depicted in paintings by artists like Hubert Robert and other 18th-century painters but also recognized as a monument historique in 1840, highlighting its cultural and architectural significance. Today, the Temple of Diana can be visited from the Jardins de la Fontaine, providing an opportunity for visitors to immerse themselves in its historical and architectural grandeur.

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