Temple of Augustus and Rome, Ankara

Located in the Altındağ district of Ankara, the Temple of Augustus and Rome is an Augusteum believed to have been constructed around 25-20 AD, following the Roman Empire's conquest of central Anatolia and the establishment of the Galatia province. It is considered one of the most significant Roman-era ruins in the city and is famous for the Monumentum Ancyranum, an inscription detailing the accomplishments of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. This inscription is the most comprehensive surviving copy of Res Gestae Divi Augusti.

The Augusteum stands on the site of an earlier Phrygian temple, which was destroyed in the 2nd century BCE. Today, only the side walls and the ornate door frame remain, although the positions of the six columns are still recognizable.

In 1555, an ambassador of Ferdinand of Austria reintroduced the Monumentum Ancyranum to the Western world. He first read the inscription and identified its origins. Later, he published a copy of parts of it in his Turkish Letters. Following Augustus' death in AD 14, a copy of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti text was inscribed in Latin on both walls inside the pronaos, with a Greek translation on an exterior wall of the cella.

The inscriptions on the Augusteum's walls are the primary surviving source of the text, as the original bronze pillars' inscription in front of the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome has long since disappeared.

The Temple of Augustus and Roma in Ankara is among the most endangered historical monuments, according to the World Monuments Fund (WMF). In 2016, the Hacı Bayram district, together with the Hacı Bayram Mosque and the Augustus temple, was added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage.