Temple of Jupiter, Pompei

The Temple of Jupiter sits at the northern end of the Forum, a large open space once used as a market place. Also known as the Capitolium, it was a place of worship for Jupiter, the Roman ruler of the Gods and protector of Rome. Temples dedicated to Jupiter were considered the centres of Roman religion. This temple, built in the mid 2nd century BC, marked the passing of Pompei into the Roman Empire. Pompei was originally a Greek settlement, and was later ruled by the Samnites. Originally occupied by Romans in 310 BC, it maintained a degree of autonomy, with many Greek gods worshipped more fervently than those followed in Rome.

A failed revolt in 89 BC led to a more forceful implementation of Roman language, culture and law in Pompei. This saw Jupiter become the town’s highest God, and his temple the centre of Pompeian worship. It later also became a place of worship for Juno and Minerva, who together with Jupiter formed the Capitoline Triad of Gods. The temple dominates one side of the forum, and is built in traditional Italic style, with a cella at the centre housing statues of the Capitoline Triad. A bronze bust of Jupiter can be seen at the northern end of the temple. A chamber below the temple housed sacrificial offerings and the city’s treasury.