The Ark Citadel, Bukhara (must see)

The Ark Citadel is a magnificent fortress with a history dating back to the 5th century AD. It served as both a military stronghold and a town, housing the royal courts that ruled over the surrounding region. While the Ark was a formidable fortress, it eventually succumbed to Russian forces in 1920 and is now a popular tourist destination, featuring museums that showcase its rich history.

The Ark houses various museums and restored areas that offer insights into its past. The archaeological museum presents artifacts and discoveries from the site, allowing visitors to delve into the ancient history of Bukhara. The throne room provides a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the ruling elites, while the reception and coronation court reflect the grandeur of ceremonial events that took place within the fortress. The local history museum sheds light on the cultural heritage of Bukhara and its significance in the region. Additionally, the court mosque stands as a testament to the religious practices that were central to the daily lives of the fortress inhabitants.

Built upon earlier structures, the Ark Citadel has layers of history buried deep beneath its foundations, indicating the presence of previous fortresses that were constructed and destroyed on the same site. The earliest reference to the Ark can be found in Narshakhi's "History of Bukhara," written between the 9th and 10th centuries. Legend attributes the creation of the Ark to the heroic figure Siyavusha, who built a palace within the boundaries of a bull's skin—an impossible task according to the ruler of Afrosiaba. However, Siyavusha ingeniously connected the ends of the bull's skin, allowing him to fulfill the condition and marry the ruler's daughter.

The Ark Citadel faced significant damage during the Russian Civil War, particularly during the Battle of Bukhara in 1920. Red Army troops, commanded by Mikhail Frunze, heavily bombarded the Ark, leaving a substantial portion of the fortress in ruins. Additionally, there is speculation that the last Emir, Mohammed Alim Khan, ordered the destruction of the Ark to prevent its sacred places, particularly the harem, from being desecrated by the Bolsheviks. These events have left their mark on the structure, but its historical and architectural significance remains intact.

Today, visitors can explore the Ark Citadel and immerse themselves in the storied past of Bukhara. The fortress stands as a symbol of the region's rich history and offers a glimpse into the lives of those who once resided within its walls.