Walmgate Bar, York

Walmgate Bar in York stands as a remarkably preserved medieval gateway, distinguished as the most complete among the city’s four primary historic entrances. It is notably the only remaining bar (gatehouse) to maintain its original defensive features including a barbican, portcullis, and inner doors.

The structure's origins trace back to the 12th century with its oldest part being a stone archway. Throughout the centuries, various components were added: the barbican in the 14th century, the oak doors in the 15th century, and a timber-framed building within the bar in the 16th century. This layering of architectural styles showcases the evolving defensive needs and aesthetic choices of different periods.

Historically, Walmgate Bar has witnessed significant events; it was set ablaze by rebels in 1489 during unrest caused by tax hikes, and it withstood the bombardment of cannon fire during the siege of York in 1644. These incidents underscore its strategic importance in the city’s defense.

In terms of etymology, the bar was originally known as Walbegate, with "Walbe" likely being an Anglo-Scandinavian personal name, indicating the cultural blend in the region’s historical context.

One of the most striking features of Walmgate Bar is its barbican, the only one still existing on an English town gate, accompanied by historically accurate reproductions of the 15th-century oak doors and a functional portcullis, underscoring its medieval military architecture.

The gateway also hosts an Elizabethan house on the inner side, notable for its extension over the gateway supported by stone Tuscan order columns. This house, occupied until 1957, adds a layer of domestic history to the bar's martial past.

The bar has been subjected to numerous restorations, particularly following significant damage — post the 1644 siege and after years of neglect by 1840. These restorations have helped preserve Walmgate Bar, allowing it to continue as a historical monument reflecting the architectural and social histories of York.

Tip:
Make sure to stop by Gatehouse Coffee which is set in the gatehouse and makes full use of the space, including the outside space on the Bar. Fantastic spot to break up a walk around the City Walls and brilliant cakes!