Accra Introduction Walking Tour (Self Guided), Accra
Accra, the capital city of Ghana, is a charming mix of history, culture, and modernity. The city's origins trace back to the Ga people, who settled along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa and were nicknamed Nkran, meaning "ants", for their industrious nature. The nickname also referred to the numerous anthills found in the area. During European colonization, the term was adapted and eventually evolved into Accra, applicable to both the town and the people who lived there.
Initially a minor trade hub, Accra rose to prominence in the 17th century as European powers built forts like Ussher and James Fort. In 1877, Accra became the capital of the British Gold Coast due to its drier climate, spurring expansion through colonial infrastructure and the construction of the Accra-Kumasi railway, which boosted cocoa exports.
Governor Guggisberg’s reforms, in the early 20th century, modernized the city. In 1957, Ghana's first Prime Minister and President after independence, Kwame Nkrumah, emphasized symbolic spaces such as Independence Square, also known as Black Star Square, which was built to honor Ghana’s independence from British colonial rule.
Heading west from the square, you will find Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park celebrating the legacy of this key figure in Africa’s independence movement.
The Supreme Court of Ghana, a grand building representing justice and democracy, stands as another significant landmark. Its colonial-era architecture reflects the blending of Ghana's traditional and modern governance.
Accra’s lively spirit comes alive at the Makola Market, a bustling hub of trade and commerce. Here, you can find everything from colorful fabrics and fresh produce to handcrafted goods, offering a snapshot of daily life in the city.
For a deeper dive into the city’s colonial past, visit Ussher Fort and James Fort, historical structures that echo Ghana’s history as a key location in the transatlantic slave trade. Nearby, the James Town Lighthouse offers panoramic views of the coast and surrounding neighborhoods, making it a favorite spot for photographers and history enthusiasts alike.
The city’s spiritual side shines through at the Holy Trinity Cathedral, a beautiful example of Gothic-style architecture built in the late 19th century.
Accra is more than a city; it’s a journey through Ghana’s rich past, dynamic present, and promising future. Whether you’re exploring its historical forts, enjoying the energy of its markets, or checking out its modern landmarks, Accra offers the experiences well worth remembering. So, take this self-guided tour and immerse yourself deeper in the history and culture of Ghana's capital!
Initially a minor trade hub, Accra rose to prominence in the 17th century as European powers built forts like Ussher and James Fort. In 1877, Accra became the capital of the British Gold Coast due to its drier climate, spurring expansion through colonial infrastructure and the construction of the Accra-Kumasi railway, which boosted cocoa exports.
Governor Guggisberg’s reforms, in the early 20th century, modernized the city. In 1957, Ghana's first Prime Minister and President after independence, Kwame Nkrumah, emphasized symbolic spaces such as Independence Square, also known as Black Star Square, which was built to honor Ghana’s independence from British colonial rule.
Heading west from the square, you will find Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park celebrating the legacy of this key figure in Africa’s independence movement.
The Supreme Court of Ghana, a grand building representing justice and democracy, stands as another significant landmark. Its colonial-era architecture reflects the blending of Ghana's traditional and modern governance.
Accra’s lively spirit comes alive at the Makola Market, a bustling hub of trade and commerce. Here, you can find everything from colorful fabrics and fresh produce to handcrafted goods, offering a snapshot of daily life in the city.
For a deeper dive into the city’s colonial past, visit Ussher Fort and James Fort, historical structures that echo Ghana’s history as a key location in the transatlantic slave trade. Nearby, the James Town Lighthouse offers panoramic views of the coast and surrounding neighborhoods, making it a favorite spot for photographers and history enthusiasts alike.
The city’s spiritual side shines through at the Holy Trinity Cathedral, a beautiful example of Gothic-style architecture built in the late 19th century.
Accra is more than a city; it’s a journey through Ghana’s rich past, dynamic present, and promising future. Whether you’re exploring its historical forts, enjoying the energy of its markets, or checking out its modern landmarks, Accra offers the experiences well worth remembering. So, take this self-guided tour and immerse yourself deeper in the history and culture of Ghana's capital!
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Accra Introduction Walking Tour Map
Guide Name: Accra Introduction Walking Tour
Guide Location: Ghana » Accra (See other walking tours in Accra)
Guide Type: Self-guided Walking Tour (Sightseeing)
# of Attractions: 8
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.7 Km or 2.3 Miles
Author: ellen
Sight(s) Featured in This Guide:
Guide Location: Ghana » Accra (See other walking tours in Accra)
Guide Type: Self-guided Walking Tour (Sightseeing)
# of Attractions: 8
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.7 Km or 2.3 Miles
Author: ellen
Sight(s) Featured in This Guide:
- Independence Square
- Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park
- Supreme Court of Ghana
- Makola Market
- Holy Trinity Cathedral
- Ussher Fort
- James Fort
- James Town Lighthouse
1) Independence Square (must see)
Black Star Square, also known as Independence Square, is one of Ghana's most iconic landmarks and a symbol of the nation's independence and pride. The square was commissioned by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first prime minister and president, to commemorate the country's liberation from British colonial rule in 1957. Completed in 1961 to coincide with the state visit of Queen Elizabeth II, the square has since become a central venue for Ghana’s major public events, including Independence Day parades on March 6. With a capacity of approximately 30,000 people, Black Star Square is the second-largest city square in the world, after Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China.
The square features several significant monuments that honor Ghana’s struggle for freedom. To the south stands the Independence Arch, a striking structure that symbolizes the country's newfound autonomy. Nearby, the Liberation Day Monument commemorates Ghanaian veterans of the Burma campaign during World War II, paying tribute to their sacrifices. At the north end of the square, the Black Star Gate stands as a prominent symbol of African unity and Ghanaian resilience. Topped with the iconic Black Star of Africa, the gate bears the inscription “AD 1957” and “Freedom and Justice,” reflecting the country's motto and year of independence.
In addition to its historical significance, Black Star Square offers breathtaking views of the Gulf of Guinea, enhancing its appeal to both locals and tourists. While the Independence Arch is guarded by soldiers, who require official permission for close-up photography, visitors are welcome to take pictures of the surrounding area.
The square features several significant monuments that honor Ghana’s struggle for freedom. To the south stands the Independence Arch, a striking structure that symbolizes the country's newfound autonomy. Nearby, the Liberation Day Monument commemorates Ghanaian veterans of the Burma campaign during World War II, paying tribute to their sacrifices. At the north end of the square, the Black Star Gate stands as a prominent symbol of African unity and Ghanaian resilience. Topped with the iconic Black Star of Africa, the gate bears the inscription “AD 1957” and “Freedom and Justice,” reflecting the country's motto and year of independence.
In addition to its historical significance, Black Star Square offers breathtaking views of the Gulf of Guinea, enhancing its appeal to both locals and tourists. While the Independence Arch is guarded by soldiers, who require official permission for close-up photography, visitors are welcome to take pictures of the surrounding area.
2) Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park (must see)
The Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park honors the nation’s first president, Kwame Nkrumah, who led the country to independence from British rule in 1957. Recognized as Ghana’s "Man of the Millennium," Nkrumah’s legacy is celebrated through a monument, his mausoleum, and a museum showcasing books, photographs, and artifacts related to his life and achievements. Located in downtown Accra, the park provides visitors with an in-depth understanding of Nkrumah’s role in Ghana’s history and the broader struggle for independence in sub-Saharan Africa.
The mausoleum, designed by Don Arthur, serves as the final resting place for Nkrumah and his wife, Fathia Nkrumah. Its unique structure, resembling an upside-down sword, symbolizes peace in Akan culture. The exterior is clad in Italian marble and crowned with a black star representing unity. Inside, marble floors surround a grave marker set amid river-washed rocks, creating a serene atmosphere that reflects the significance of Nkrumah’s contributions to Ghana and Africa.
The park is located at the Old British Polo Grounds, a site steeped in history. This location, once reserved for Europeans, was chosen by Nkrumah to declare Ghana’s independence. A dedicated Pan-Africanist, Nkrumah played a key role in founding the Organization of African Unity, now the African Union, in 1963.
The mausoleum, designed by Don Arthur, serves as the final resting place for Nkrumah and his wife, Fathia Nkrumah. Its unique structure, resembling an upside-down sword, symbolizes peace in Akan culture. The exterior is clad in Italian marble and crowned with a black star representing unity. Inside, marble floors surround a grave marker set amid river-washed rocks, creating a serene atmosphere that reflects the significance of Nkrumah’s contributions to Ghana and Africa.
The park is located at the Old British Polo Grounds, a site steeped in history. This location, once reserved for Europeans, was chosen by Nkrumah to declare Ghana’s independence. A dedicated Pan-Africanist, Nkrumah played a key role in founding the Organization of African Unity, now the African Union, in 1963.
3) Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court is a striking architectural landmark, celebrated not only for its judicial significance but also for its beautiful design. The building’s imposing façade is complemented by meticulously landscaped surroundings, creating a serene yet powerful atmosphere. Visitors are often drawn to the intricate architectural details and symbolic art that reflect Ghana's rich cultural heritage, making it a site of both legal and aesthetic importance.
The Supreme Court Monument stands as a poignant tribute to three judges who were tragically murdered in 1982 during a period of political instability and military control. Situated in front of the Supreme Court building, the monument features three bronze busts that gleam under the African sun, symbolizing the nation's enduring commitment to justice. Every year on June 30th, a memorial ceremony is held at this site to honor the judges and reaffirm the importance of upholding the rule of law.
Photography enthusiasts and history buffs alike will find the Supreme Court Monument and its setting a captivating experience, offering both visual beauty and profound historical significance.
The Supreme Court Monument stands as a poignant tribute to three judges who were tragically murdered in 1982 during a period of political instability and military control. Situated in front of the Supreme Court building, the monument features three bronze busts that gleam under the African sun, symbolizing the nation's enduring commitment to justice. Every year on June 30th, a memorial ceremony is held at this site to honor the judges and reaffirm the importance of upholding the rule of law.
Photography enthusiasts and history buffs alike will find the Supreme Court Monument and its setting a captivating experience, offering both visual beauty and profound historical significance.
4) Makola Market (must see)
Makola Market is a bustling shopping district and cultural hub known for its vibrant atmosphere. Established in 1924, the market has become a central part of urban Ghanaian life, offering a wide variety of goods ranging from fresh produce, clothes, and shoes to car parts and locally handcrafted bead jewelry. Dominated by women traders, it reflects the entrepreneurial spirit of Ghanaian women who make up a significant portion of the workforce at this expansive open-air market.
This lively marketplace not only serves as a retail and wholesale hub but also plays a key role in the community's social and economic life. Makola Market is under the observation of Transaid, which is implementing the Transport and Trade for Market Women project to enhance the livelihoods and safety of female traders through women’s transport cooperatives. Despite its dynamic appeal, photography within the market is prohibited, preserving the privacy and focus of its traders and shoppers.
Makola Market is a sensory experience, overflowing with sights, sounds, and scents that embody the essence of a West African marketplace. The streets surrounding the market are filled with school supplies, medicines, tools, and traditional Ghanaian goods, making it an essential destination for locals and visitors alike. However, its central location also means heavy traffic and crowded parking, particularly between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., so planning ahead is advisable for those seeking to explore this vibrant cornerstone of Accra's culture.
This lively marketplace not only serves as a retail and wholesale hub but also plays a key role in the community's social and economic life. Makola Market is under the observation of Transaid, which is implementing the Transport and Trade for Market Women project to enhance the livelihoods and safety of female traders through women’s transport cooperatives. Despite its dynamic appeal, photography within the market is prohibited, preserving the privacy and focus of its traders and shoppers.
Makola Market is a sensory experience, overflowing with sights, sounds, and scents that embody the essence of a West African marketplace. The streets surrounding the market are filled with school supplies, medicines, tools, and traditional Ghanaian goods, making it an essential destination for locals and visitors alike. However, its central location also means heavy traffic and crowded parking, particularly between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., so planning ahead is advisable for those seeking to explore this vibrant cornerstone of Accra's culture.
5) Holy Trinity Cathedral
The Holy Trinity Cathedral is a historic Anglican church established in 1894 during British colonial rule. Located amidst a bustling area of shops, banks, and offices, the cathedral is renowned for its elegant architecture and its notable visitors, including Queen Elizabeth II, the Prince of Wales, and Prince Philip. It serves as a spiritual and cultural landmark for the Anglican Diocese of Accra.
Designed by Aston Webb in a classical Gothic style, the cathedral features pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained glass windows, reflecting a blend of European design adapted to Ghanaian settings. Originally funded by the British colonial government, the church was initially attended by colonial expatriates. By 1949, it had been elevated to the status of a cathedral, cementing its significance in the religious landscape of Ghana.
Beyond its architectural and historical importance, the Holy Trinity Cathedral stands as a testament to the Anglican Church’s early missionary efforts in Ghana. Its construction followed the establishment of the first Anglican Church in Cape Coast in 1828 and symbolizes the spread of Christianity in the region. Today, it remains a vital center for worship and community activities, attracting visitors who admire its history and architectural splendor.
Designed by Aston Webb in a classical Gothic style, the cathedral features pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained glass windows, reflecting a blend of European design adapted to Ghanaian settings. Originally funded by the British colonial government, the church was initially attended by colonial expatriates. By 1949, it had been elevated to the status of a cathedral, cementing its significance in the religious landscape of Ghana.
Beyond its architectural and historical importance, the Holy Trinity Cathedral stands as a testament to the Anglican Church’s early missionary efforts in Ghana. Its construction followed the establishment of the first Anglican Church in Cape Coast in 1828 and symbolizes the spread of Christianity in the region. Today, it remains a vital center for worship and community activities, attracting visitors who admire its history and architectural splendor.
6) Ussher Fort
Ussher Fort, originally built by the Dutch in 1649 as Fort Crèvecœur, stands as a significant historical landmark in Accra. Situated east of Accra on a rocky promontory between two lagoons, it is part of the region’s complex colonial history. The fort was among three constructed by Europeans in the 17th century, marking the early days of European trade and exploitation along the Gold Coast.
Fort Crèvecœur was established by the Dutch West India Company, evolving from a modest factory built in 1642 to a fortified structure in 1649. The fort was named after a similarly named Dutch stronghold in ’s-Hertogenbosch, which had played a strategic role in the Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch. Its construction was facilitated by Dutch representative Henry Caerlof, who secured support from the Dey of Fetu. Though it was less imposing than other forts like Elmina or Cape Coast Castle, Fort Crèvecœur contributed significantly to Dutch revenues.
During the 18th century, the fort became a focal point in the Anglo-Dutch rivalry. In 1781, Captain Thomas Shirley of the British Royal Navy attacked and captured Fort Crèvecœur along with other Dutch fortifications during the war between Britain and the Dutch Republic. The fort was destroyed in the conflict but was rebuilt in 1839 by Dutch engineer Hubertus Varlet.
In 1868, the Anglo-Dutch Gold Coast Treaty transferred the fort to British control, and it was renamed Ussher Fort in honor of Herbert Taylor Ussher, the then-administrator of the Gold Coast. The fort, along with other colonial structures, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 due to its role in the trans-Atlantic slave trade and European colonial expansion.
Currently undergoing restoration with support from the European Commission and UNESCO, Ussher Fort is being repurposed as a museum and an International Documentation Centre. It stands as a symbol of Ghana's historical narrative, encapsulating the impact of European colonization and the resilience of the region's heritage.
Fort Crèvecœur was established by the Dutch West India Company, evolving from a modest factory built in 1642 to a fortified structure in 1649. The fort was named after a similarly named Dutch stronghold in ’s-Hertogenbosch, which had played a strategic role in the Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch. Its construction was facilitated by Dutch representative Henry Caerlof, who secured support from the Dey of Fetu. Though it was less imposing than other forts like Elmina or Cape Coast Castle, Fort Crèvecœur contributed significantly to Dutch revenues.
During the 18th century, the fort became a focal point in the Anglo-Dutch rivalry. In 1781, Captain Thomas Shirley of the British Royal Navy attacked and captured Fort Crèvecœur along with other Dutch fortifications during the war between Britain and the Dutch Republic. The fort was destroyed in the conflict but was rebuilt in 1839 by Dutch engineer Hubertus Varlet.
In 1868, the Anglo-Dutch Gold Coast Treaty transferred the fort to British control, and it was renamed Ussher Fort in honor of Herbert Taylor Ussher, the then-administrator of the Gold Coast. The fort, along with other colonial structures, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 due to its role in the trans-Atlantic slave trade and European colonial expansion.
Currently undergoing restoration with support from the European Commission and UNESCO, Ussher Fort is being repurposed as a museum and an International Documentation Centre. It stands as a symbol of Ghana's historical narrative, encapsulating the impact of European colonization and the resilience of the region's heritage.
7) James Fort
James Fort is a poignant symbol of the region’s colonial past. Built in 1673 by the Royal African Company of England, it initially served as a trading post for gold and slaves. The fort was named after James, Duke of York, later King James II, and contributed to the area's development, including the naming of the adjacent town of Jamestown. In recognition of its historical significance, James Fort, along with other forts and castles in Ghana, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
During British colonization, James Fort transitioned into a key administrative hub and later became a prison, where Ghana’s first president, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, was incarcerated in the early 1950s. The fort remained a functioning prison until its closure in 2008. Its proximity to the iconic Jamestown Lighthouse highlights its importance in the colonial maritime landscape.
Although it is not open to public visits, James Fort continues to draw interest for its historical value and its role in the transatlantic slave trade. However, as with many significant sites in Accra, photography is prohibited. The fort’s relatively good condition serves as a testament to ongoing efforts to preserve Ghana's rich yet complex heritage.
During British colonization, James Fort transitioned into a key administrative hub and later became a prison, where Ghana’s first president, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, was incarcerated in the early 1950s. The fort remained a functioning prison until its closure in 2008. Its proximity to the iconic Jamestown Lighthouse highlights its importance in the colonial maritime landscape.
Although it is not open to public visits, James Fort continues to draw interest for its historical value and its role in the transatlantic slave trade. However, as with many significant sites in Accra, photography is prohibited. The fort’s relatively good condition serves as a testament to ongoing efforts to preserve Ghana's rich yet complex heritage.
8) James Town Lighthouse
The Jamestown Lighthouse is a striking landmark that stands as a symbol of the city’s maritime and colonial history. Erected in the 1930s to replace the original Jamesfort Light from 1871, the lighthouse serves as a functional navigational aid and a historical monument. Towering 28 meters high, this stone structure is painted white with red horizontal bands, making it easily distinguishable. The lighthouse is visible up to 16 nautical miles away, guiding vessels safely to shore while embodying the legacy of British colonial influence in the region.
Visitors can climb the lighthouse’s 112 steps to reach the summit, which offers breathtaking views of the surrounding sea and the Jamestown district. The ascent involves a spiral metal staircase followed by a wooden section that requires careful backward maneuvering for descent. At the top, the lantern provides a panoramic view of the coastline and the bustling neighborhoods of Accra, making it a favored spot for cultural and historical exploration. While photography is prohibited without official permission, the experience of the lighthouse's vantage point leaves a lasting impression.
The lighthouse remains operational today, serving both practical and symbolic roles. It continues to aid maritime navigation while drawing tourists eager to explore its historical significance and architectural charm.
Visitors can climb the lighthouse’s 112 steps to reach the summit, which offers breathtaking views of the surrounding sea and the Jamestown district. The ascent involves a spiral metal staircase followed by a wooden section that requires careful backward maneuvering for descent. At the top, the lantern provides a panoramic view of the coastline and the bustling neighborhoods of Accra, making it a favored spot for cultural and historical exploration. While photography is prohibited without official permission, the experience of the lighthouse's vantage point leaves a lasting impression.
The lighthouse remains operational today, serving both practical and symbolic roles. It continues to aid maritime navigation while drawing tourists eager to explore its historical significance and architectural charm.
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