Esnoga (Portuguese Synagogue), Amsterdam

Amsterdam’s reputation for tolerance and religious freedom made it a beacon for Jews fleeing persecution. By the late 15th century, Jews escaping Spain and Portugal’s Inquisition found refuge in the Netherlands. At the time, the Dutch Republic was at odds with Spain, so these newcomers adopted the label “Portuguese Jews” to keep things simple and avoid further conflict.

The community flourished, and by 1665, their crowning achievement took shape: the grand Portuguese Synagogue—also known as the Esnoga. Its design borrowed from the Neoclassical style popular in the Netherlands, with elegant pilasters and a concealed balustrade. At the time, it was the largest synagogue in the world, inspired by the grandeur of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem.

To this day, the Esnoga remains a portal to the past. Standing along one of Amsterdam’s busiest streets, its 17th-century design and interiors remarkably untouched. Electric lights? You won’t find them here. Instead, you’ll be welcomed by the flicker of roughly 1,000 candles, their soft glow illuminating antique furnishings and intricate décor.

Tourists are invited to explore Europe’s second-oldest synagogue still in continuous use, and as a bonus, each admission includes access to the Jewish Historical Museum, conveniently located just steps away across the street.

Insider Tip:
Don’t just admire the main hall—explore the annexes. The board room, winter synagogue, candle room, and mourning room each tell their own story. Be sure to head down to the treasure chambers, where you’ll find precious 16th-century manuscripts, gold-threaded tapestries, and books from the oldest Jewish library in the world.