Athens Introduction Walking Tour (Self Guided), Athens
Athens, the cradle of Western Civilization and one of Europe's oldest cities, originated between the 4th and the 3rd millennia BC. The story of Athens stems from a mythological contest between the goddess of wisdom and warfare, Athena, and the god of the sea, Poseidon. Both deities vied to become the city's patron. Poseidon's gift of a saltwater spring was deemed impractical, whereas Athena's olive tree, providing food, fuel, and building material, proved invaluable and thus secured her the city's patronage and name.
During the 5th and the 4th centuries BC, Athens reached its cultural and intellectual peak, hosting seminal figures like playwrights Aeschylus and Euripides, and philosophers Plato and Socrates. The city experienced declines post-Roman Empire and by the early 19th century had a mere population of under 5,000. However, its resurgence as Greece's capital, in 1832, and subsequent growth after World War II, fueled by migration and the country's entry into the European Union, marked significant comebacks, reinstating Athens as a pivotal cultural and historical hub.
The city's heart lies in the magnificent rock of Acropolis (which means "high city" in Greek). Here, the Parthenon stands as an enduring symbol of ancient Greek civilization and democratic ideals. Not far from this iconic temple is the Erechtheion, famous for its Caryatids, the statuesque female figures that support the southern porch. Nearby, the Temple of Athena Nike exemplifies classical grace, celebrating Athena as the bringer of victory.
Descending the Acropolis, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus still resonates with the sounds of ancient dramas and modern performances. Adjacent to it is the Theater of Dionysus, where the plays of Sophocles and Euripides once premiered. At the foot of the Acropolis, the Acropolis Museum houses masterpieces of Athenian art, offering a modern context for the ancient marvels.
North of the Acropolis, the quaint Anafiotika neighborhood, with its island-like charm, leads visitors through winding paths to the bustling Plaka Stairs, lined with vibrant taverns and shops. The columned walkway Stoa of Attalos, restored to its former glory, introduces the Ancient Agora Museum, where Athenian democracy once took shape. This ancient marketplace, a former hub of civic activity, is also home to the well-preserved Temple of Hephaestus, dedicated to the god of metallurgy.
The vibrant Monastiraki Square, with its eclectic flea market, and Pandrossou Street Market offer a plethora of shopping and culinary experiences.
We invite you to dive into the historic metropolis of Athens and reveal some of its timeless stories and hidden corners. Embark on this self-guided walk and prepare yourself for an unforgettable journey!
During the 5th and the 4th centuries BC, Athens reached its cultural and intellectual peak, hosting seminal figures like playwrights Aeschylus and Euripides, and philosophers Plato and Socrates. The city experienced declines post-Roman Empire and by the early 19th century had a mere population of under 5,000. However, its resurgence as Greece's capital, in 1832, and subsequent growth after World War II, fueled by migration and the country's entry into the European Union, marked significant comebacks, reinstating Athens as a pivotal cultural and historical hub.
The city's heart lies in the magnificent rock of Acropolis (which means "high city" in Greek). Here, the Parthenon stands as an enduring symbol of ancient Greek civilization and democratic ideals. Not far from this iconic temple is the Erechtheion, famous for its Caryatids, the statuesque female figures that support the southern porch. Nearby, the Temple of Athena Nike exemplifies classical grace, celebrating Athena as the bringer of victory.
Descending the Acropolis, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus still resonates with the sounds of ancient dramas and modern performances. Adjacent to it is the Theater of Dionysus, where the plays of Sophocles and Euripides once premiered. At the foot of the Acropolis, the Acropolis Museum houses masterpieces of Athenian art, offering a modern context for the ancient marvels.
North of the Acropolis, the quaint Anafiotika neighborhood, with its island-like charm, leads visitors through winding paths to the bustling Plaka Stairs, lined with vibrant taverns and shops. The columned walkway Stoa of Attalos, restored to its former glory, introduces the Ancient Agora Museum, where Athenian democracy once took shape. This ancient marketplace, a former hub of civic activity, is also home to the well-preserved Temple of Hephaestus, dedicated to the god of metallurgy.
The vibrant Monastiraki Square, with its eclectic flea market, and Pandrossou Street Market offer a plethora of shopping and culinary experiences.
We invite you to dive into the historic metropolis of Athens and reveal some of its timeless stories and hidden corners. Embark on this self-guided walk and prepare yourself for an unforgettable journey!
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Athens Introduction Walking Tour Map
Guide Name: Athens Introduction Walking Tour
Guide Location: Greece » Athens (See other walking tours in Athens)
Guide Type: Self-guided Walking Tour (Sightseeing)
# of Attractions: 16
Tour Duration: 3 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 4.2 Km or 2.6 Miles
Author: emily
Sight(s) Featured in This Guide:
Guide Location: Greece » Athens (See other walking tours in Athens)
Guide Type: Self-guided Walking Tour (Sightseeing)
# of Attractions: 16
Tour Duration: 3 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 4.2 Km or 2.6 Miles
Author: emily
Sight(s) Featured in This Guide:
- Parthenon
- Erechtheion
- Temple of Athena Nike
- Odeon of Herodes Atticus
- Theater of Dionysus
- Acropolis Museum
- Anafiotika and Plaka Stairs
- Stoa of Attalos and Ancient Agora Museum
- Ancient Agora of Athens
- Temple of Hephaestus
- Monastiraki Square
- Pandrossou Street Market
- Metropolitan Cathedral
- Ermou Street
- Syntagma Square (Constitution Square)
- Hellenic Parliament House
1) Parthenon (must see)
Perched atop the Acropolis, overlooking the city of Athens, the ancient temple of Parthenon is one of the most iconic and well-preserved examples of classical architecture in the world. Built in the 5th century BC under the leadership of the Athenian statesman Pericles, this temple replaced an older sanctuary dedicated to the city's patron deity, Athena. Covered in ivory and gold, the 12-meter statue of the goddess of wisdom and warfare—"Athena Parthenos"—took center stage.
At that time, Athens was at the height of its power and influence, particularly after its victory in the Persian Wars and the establishment of the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states. The temple's construction was not just a religious endeavor but also a political statement, symbolizing the city's wealth, cultural achievements, and its leadership in promoting democracy and the arts.
A prime example of Doric architecture, the structure was built using high-quality Pentelic marble. In the 5th century AD, it was converted into a church, and later, under Turkish rule, into a mosque. In 1687, during the Venetian siege of the Acropolis, the temple suffered substantial damage from bombardment. Further harm occurred in the early 19th century, when Lord Elgin looted much of its sculptural decoration, currently displayed at the British Museum.
Despite these adversities, the Parthenon endures as one of Greece's most significant surviving architectural monuments and, over the years, has been a source of inspiration for many public buildings worldwide. Originally constructed as a testament to the glory of ancient Athens, it still serves as the city's emblem.
Tips:
Plan your visit to the Acropolis early in the morning to avoid long queues.
The site has two entrance gates; make sure you enter and exit via different gates so as to fully explore the site.
To save money, consider purchasing a combined ticket that covers entry to other attractions too, such as the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, the Theater of Dionysus, the Temple of Olympian Zeus, and the Ancient Agora of Athens.
At that time, Athens was at the height of its power and influence, particularly after its victory in the Persian Wars and the establishment of the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states. The temple's construction was not just a religious endeavor but also a political statement, symbolizing the city's wealth, cultural achievements, and its leadership in promoting democracy and the arts.
A prime example of Doric architecture, the structure was built using high-quality Pentelic marble. In the 5th century AD, it was converted into a church, and later, under Turkish rule, into a mosque. In 1687, during the Venetian siege of the Acropolis, the temple suffered substantial damage from bombardment. Further harm occurred in the early 19th century, when Lord Elgin looted much of its sculptural decoration, currently displayed at the British Museum.
Despite these adversities, the Parthenon endures as one of Greece's most significant surviving architectural monuments and, over the years, has been a source of inspiration for many public buildings worldwide. Originally constructed as a testament to the glory of ancient Athens, it still serves as the city's emblem.
Tips:
Plan your visit to the Acropolis early in the morning to avoid long queues.
The site has two entrance gates; make sure you enter and exit via different gates so as to fully explore the site.
To save money, consider purchasing a combined ticket that covers entry to other attractions too, such as the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, the Theater of Dionysus, the Temple of Olympian Zeus, and the Ancient Agora of Athens.
2) Erechtheion (must see)
Constructed between 421 and 406 BC, the Erechtheion was dedicated to two powerful deities of the Greek pantheon, Athena and Poseidon. According to myth, the two competed for the city's patronage, to secure which they each provided a valuable gift. Poseidon, the god of the sea, struck the ground with his trident, creating a saltwater spring, while Athena, the goddess of wisdom, planted an olive tree that sprouted. Her gift was deemed more beneficial by locals, and so she became the city's patron. They also say that this temple stands on the very spot where Poseidon's trident left its marks.
A sacred sanctuary and a focal point for religious rituals in classical Athens, this unique monument is renowned for its graceful Ionic architecture. The spacious rectangular cella inside used to comprise three chambers. One of them held the sacred olivewood statue of Athena, while the other two were dedicated to Poseidon, symbolizing their reconciliation after the legendary conflict.
The cella was encircled by porticoes on the north, east, and south sides. The latter, famously known as the Porch of the Caryatids, featured six imposing female statues supporting the porch roof with their heads. The maiden sculptures currently in place are replicas; the originals are kept in the Acropolis Museum, protected from elements to avoid further deterioration.
Over the years, the Erechtheion complex has served various purposes, including as a harem for the wives of the Ottoman commander, in 1463. It also suffered extensive damage when a Turkish shell struck it during the Greek War of Independence, in 1827. Today, the temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Tip:
Consider taking a guided tour for a comprehensive understanding of the site's history and significance. If you opt to explore it independently, plan to visit in the morning and be sure to carry water, as no refreshments are available inside.
A sacred sanctuary and a focal point for religious rituals in classical Athens, this unique monument is renowned for its graceful Ionic architecture. The spacious rectangular cella inside used to comprise three chambers. One of them held the sacred olivewood statue of Athena, while the other two were dedicated to Poseidon, symbolizing their reconciliation after the legendary conflict.
The cella was encircled by porticoes on the north, east, and south sides. The latter, famously known as the Porch of the Caryatids, featured six imposing female statues supporting the porch roof with their heads. The maiden sculptures currently in place are replicas; the originals are kept in the Acropolis Museum, protected from elements to avoid further deterioration.
Over the years, the Erechtheion complex has served various purposes, including as a harem for the wives of the Ottoman commander, in 1463. It also suffered extensive damage when a Turkish shell struck it during the Greek War of Independence, in 1827. Today, the temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Tip:
Consider taking a guided tour for a comprehensive understanding of the site's history and significance. If you opt to explore it independently, plan to visit in the morning and be sure to carry water, as no refreshments are available inside.
3) Temple of Athena Nike (must see)
Measuring a mere 11 feet (3.3 meters) in height, this small, jewel-box-like temple often escapes notice amid the grandeur of the Acropolis. Positioned atop the rock wall to the right of the Propylaea Gate, it comes into view as you enter the Acropolis from the upper right.
Despite being destroyed twice in its history, this temple has been meticulously reconstructed, using original masonry fragments. As a result, you can now appreciate its immaculate symmetrical design, featuring four Ionic columns at each end, just as it was in 420 BC. Back then Athenians gathered here to commemorate their victories over the Persians (the temple's frieze showcases scenes from the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC).
Designed by Kallikrates, the temple served dual roles as an observation point and an ancient shrine dedicated to the goddess of victory, Athena Nike. A remarkable sculpture of her graces the temple's balustrade. Unlike typical statues that usually depict the goddess with wings, this one is wingless, symbolizing the idea that victory will never leave the city.
Legend has it that the temple's location marks the spot where King Aegeus awaited his son, Theseus, from a mission to Crete to vanquish the Minotaur. Theseus promised that, if successful, upon his return, he would raise white sails on his ship (instead of the usual black). But Theseus forgot his pledge. When the king saw the black sails, he assumed that his son was killed and plunged into the sea, which today bears his name - the Aegean Sea.
Despite being destroyed twice in its history, this temple has been meticulously reconstructed, using original masonry fragments. As a result, you can now appreciate its immaculate symmetrical design, featuring four Ionic columns at each end, just as it was in 420 BC. Back then Athenians gathered here to commemorate their victories over the Persians (the temple's frieze showcases scenes from the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC).
Designed by Kallikrates, the temple served dual roles as an observation point and an ancient shrine dedicated to the goddess of victory, Athena Nike. A remarkable sculpture of her graces the temple's balustrade. Unlike typical statues that usually depict the goddess with wings, this one is wingless, symbolizing the idea that victory will never leave the city.
Legend has it that the temple's location marks the spot where King Aegeus awaited his son, Theseus, from a mission to Crete to vanquish the Minotaur. Theseus promised that, if successful, upon his return, he would raise white sails on his ship (instead of the usual black). But Theseus forgot his pledge. When the king saw the black sails, he assumed that his son was killed and plunged into the sea, which today bears his name - the Aegean Sea.
4) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
This stone amphitheater, nestled at the base of the Acropolis, ranks among Athens' most sizable and best-preserved classical Greek theatrical venues. Constructed in 161 AD by the wealthy Greek aristocrat and Roman consul Herodes Atticus, it was meant as a memorial to his wife.
The Odeon of Herodes Atticus, often simply referred to as the Herodeion, was primarily used as a venue for musical and dramatic performances. The theater was equipped to accommodate orchestral and vocal performances. This included both solo and group performances, ranging from choral works to instrumental music.
The Odeon was also used for theatrical performances, which were an integral part of ancient Greek culture. These performances included tragedies, comedies, and other dramatic works, reflecting the rich tradition of Greek drama. In addition to its use for performances, the Herodeion was a venue for public events and ceremonies, contributing to its role as a central cultural hub in ancient Athens.
Originally, the orchestra area was covered by a cedar roof. The spectators' seats were likely open to the sky, as there are no remnants of supports for an extended roof here.
Today, it continues to serve as a vibrant venue for a variety of cultural events, including performances of classical music, drama, and modern productions. Attending a concert here on a balmy summer evening, with the moon overhead, is a great way to experience firsthand the magnificence of ancient Greek architecture at its peak!
Tips:
International acts are frequent, so check the program ahead of your trip to Athens. Of course, securing tickets in advance is contingent on favorable weather conditions for an open-air concert.
The Odeon of Herodes Atticus, often simply referred to as the Herodeion, was primarily used as a venue for musical and dramatic performances. The theater was equipped to accommodate orchestral and vocal performances. This included both solo and group performances, ranging from choral works to instrumental music.
The Odeon was also used for theatrical performances, which were an integral part of ancient Greek culture. These performances included tragedies, comedies, and other dramatic works, reflecting the rich tradition of Greek drama. In addition to its use for performances, the Herodeion was a venue for public events and ceremonies, contributing to its role as a central cultural hub in ancient Athens.
Originally, the orchestra area was covered by a cedar roof. The spectators' seats were likely open to the sky, as there are no remnants of supports for an extended roof here.
Today, it continues to serve as a vibrant venue for a variety of cultural events, including performances of classical music, drama, and modern productions. Attending a concert here on a balmy summer evening, with the moon overhead, is a great way to experience firsthand the magnificence of ancient Greek architecture at its peak!
Tips:
International acts are frequent, so check the program ahead of your trip to Athens. Of course, securing tickets in advance is contingent on favorable weather conditions for an open-air concert.
5) Theater of Dionysus (must see)
Perched on the southern slopes of the Acropolis, the Theatre of Dionysos holds immense cultural and historical importance as the birthplace of and a central venue for Greek drama.
The location was deliberately chosen near the temple of Dionysus, the god of wine and patron of drama. During the 5th century BC, the ancient Greeks held an annual festival in honor of the god Dionysus. The central events of the festival were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and comedies.
The Dionysus Festival typically spanned about five to six days. Theatrical competitions were held during the festival, and winning the competitions was highly esteemed. Winners received both public honors and cash prizes. It was during these annual Dionysia festivals that renowned Greek playwrights, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, saw their works staged here as part of theatrical contests.
The ruins visible today are partly remnants of a much larger structure built by the Romans, capable of seating up to 17,000. The Romans used it as a gladiatorial arena, for which purpose, a marble balustrade with metal railings was added for spectators' safety.
Also of note is a cave above the theater dedicated to the goddess Artemis. In the Byzantine era, this cave was transformed into a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Cave and served as a place where mothers brought their ailing children.
Today, the Theater of Dionysus serves as a symbol of Athens's enduring legacy in the arts and theatre. Sitting in one of its stone seats is a great way to appreciate this historically significant theater in the Western world.
The location was deliberately chosen near the temple of Dionysus, the god of wine and patron of drama. During the 5th century BC, the ancient Greeks held an annual festival in honor of the god Dionysus. The central events of the festival were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and comedies.
The Dionysus Festival typically spanned about five to six days. Theatrical competitions were held during the festival, and winning the competitions was highly esteemed. Winners received both public honors and cash prizes. It was during these annual Dionysia festivals that renowned Greek playwrights, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, saw their works staged here as part of theatrical contests.
The ruins visible today are partly remnants of a much larger structure built by the Romans, capable of seating up to 17,000. The Romans used it as a gladiatorial arena, for which purpose, a marble balustrade with metal railings was added for spectators' safety.
Also of note is a cave above the theater dedicated to the goddess Artemis. In the Byzantine era, this cave was transformed into a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Cave and served as a place where mothers brought their ailing children.
Today, the Theater of Dionysus serves as a symbol of Athens's enduring legacy in the arts and theatre. Sitting in one of its stone seats is a great way to appreciate this historically significant theater in the Western world.
6) Acropolis Museum (must see)
The modern Acropolis Museum is a four-story, full-glass depository of all artifacts discovered in and around the Acropolis since 2009. Collections are presented on the first three floors, while the fourth floor houses a museum shop and café serving authentic Greek cuisine.
At the entry, visitors are welcomed by an ancient owl, the revered bird of Athena goddess, dating back to 500 BC. The array of exhibits includes freestanding sculptures of deities and humans, marble figures, fragmented artifacts, and friezes. The exterior entrance and walkways are paved mostly with glass to allow visitors a glimpse of the excavated remnants of the ancient civilization beneath.
The collection is chronologically arranged, starting with discoveries from the Acropolis slopes, such as statues and reliefs from the Sanctuary of Asclepius. The Archaic Collection is displayed in a double-height gallery, showcasing fragments of painted pedimental statues with mythological scenes, including Hercules grappling with monsters. On the level below, the post-Parthenon Collection comprises sculptures from the Temple of Athena Nike and architectural elements from the Propylaea and the Erechtheion. This includes five of the original six caryatids from the south porch; the sixth one is held at the British Museum.
Well-organized and air-conditioned, the Acropolis Museum provides a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of ancient Athens, as well as affords visitors panoramic views of the Acropolis itself. Multimedia presentations enhance the experience, and personal guides available on site provide for a deeper understanding of displayed artifacts.
Tip:
Start with the informative video on the third floor. Then work your way downward, and take a break on the outdoor terrace on the second floor.
At the entry, visitors are welcomed by an ancient owl, the revered bird of Athena goddess, dating back to 500 BC. The array of exhibits includes freestanding sculptures of deities and humans, marble figures, fragmented artifacts, and friezes. The exterior entrance and walkways are paved mostly with glass to allow visitors a glimpse of the excavated remnants of the ancient civilization beneath.
The collection is chronologically arranged, starting with discoveries from the Acropolis slopes, such as statues and reliefs from the Sanctuary of Asclepius. The Archaic Collection is displayed in a double-height gallery, showcasing fragments of painted pedimental statues with mythological scenes, including Hercules grappling with monsters. On the level below, the post-Parthenon Collection comprises sculptures from the Temple of Athena Nike and architectural elements from the Propylaea and the Erechtheion. This includes five of the original six caryatids from the south porch; the sixth one is held at the British Museum.
Well-organized and air-conditioned, the Acropolis Museum provides a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of ancient Athens, as well as affords visitors panoramic views of the Acropolis itself. Multimedia presentations enhance the experience, and personal guides available on site provide for a deeper understanding of displayed artifacts.
Tip:
Start with the informative video on the third floor. Then work your way downward, and take a break on the outdoor terrace on the second floor.
7) Anafiotika and Plaka Stairs (must see)
Nestled in the shadow of the Acropolis and frequently likened to the charming whitewashed villages of the rural Greek islands, Anafiotika is one of Athens' most delightful and idiosyncratic neighborhoods. Situated in the capital's Plaka district, it is poetically described as a "breeze of the Aegean" in the heart of the city, and as such exudes a unique character and ambiance.
Originally settled by the descendants of Anafi stonemasons, who arrived in the 19th century to work in the expanding capital, Anafiotika has retained much of its original charm. The area features simple stone houses, some of which are built directly into the bedrock. Many of them remain unchanged while others have undergone restoration over the years.
The cascades of vibrant bougainvillea and pots of geraniums and marigolds adorn the balconies and rooftops, adding to the prevailing tranquility that contrasts the bustle and noise of modern Athens. Back in antiquity, this area was abandoned because the Delphic Oracle claimed it as a sacred ground. Later, during Ottoman rule, locals ingeniously constructed their homes overnight, taking advantage of the law that granted ownership of the property if it were erected between sunset and sunrise.
Recently renovated, the Plaka Stairs neighborhood abounds in small eateries and bars scattered on the slopes of the Acropolis, particularly along Mnisikleous pedestrian street and its vicinity. Due to the hilly landscape, this street is designed in the form of steps, lined with cafes and restaurants on both sides. Creative and often compact seating arrangements along the steps create a lively atmosphere filled with music and the cheerful voices of the passers-by. This unique dining experience is guaranteed from early lunchtime until the evening.
Tip:
For those seeking a lovely spot for dinner and drinks, the Anafiotika Cafe Restaurant, located on the narrow Plaka Steps, offers a spacious patio area and a rooftop terrace that is perfect for catching the sunset.
Originally settled by the descendants of Anafi stonemasons, who arrived in the 19th century to work in the expanding capital, Anafiotika has retained much of its original charm. The area features simple stone houses, some of which are built directly into the bedrock. Many of them remain unchanged while others have undergone restoration over the years.
The cascades of vibrant bougainvillea and pots of geraniums and marigolds adorn the balconies and rooftops, adding to the prevailing tranquility that contrasts the bustle and noise of modern Athens. Back in antiquity, this area was abandoned because the Delphic Oracle claimed it as a sacred ground. Later, during Ottoman rule, locals ingeniously constructed their homes overnight, taking advantage of the law that granted ownership of the property if it were erected between sunset and sunrise.
Recently renovated, the Plaka Stairs neighborhood abounds in small eateries and bars scattered on the slopes of the Acropolis, particularly along Mnisikleous pedestrian street and its vicinity. Due to the hilly landscape, this street is designed in the form of steps, lined with cafes and restaurants on both sides. Creative and often compact seating arrangements along the steps create a lively atmosphere filled with music and the cheerful voices of the passers-by. This unique dining experience is guaranteed from early lunchtime until the evening.
Tip:
For those seeking a lovely spot for dinner and drinks, the Anafiotika Cafe Restaurant, located on the narrow Plaka Steps, offers a spacious patio area and a rooftop terrace that is perfect for catching the sunset.
8) Stoa of Attalos and Ancient Agora Museum
Widely present in many ancient Greek cities, "stoa" is a type of structure that used to act as a central hub of daily activities (social, commercial, and administrative). Open at the front with a columned façade, these structures provided an open yet sheltered area for the functions of civil officials and merchants. They also doubled as an exhibition space for the arts and public monuments.
Named after King Attalos II of Pergamon in present-day Turkey, this Stoa was offered to Athens as a gift during his reign in the 2nd century BC. The impressive covered walkway was then fully rebuilt in the 1950s. Stoa of Attalos had a row of 42 closed rooms at the rear on the ground floor which served as shops. In terms of size, measuring 115 meters (or 377 feet) in length and 20 meters (or 65 feet) in width, it surpassed all the other buildings in ancient Athens.
While it may lack the original bright red and blue paint, the reconstruction remains undeniably spectacular in every other aspect. Made of Pentelic marble and limestone, it incorporates different architectural orders: Doric for the exterior colonnade on the ground floor, and Ionic for the interior colonnade.
Inside, the Ancient Agora Museum occupies half the lower level space, showcasing artifacts discovered at the nearby Agora site, spanning from the early Neolithic period to the Roman occupation and Byzantine era.
Many of the early artifacts are sourced from burials. The museum's highlights belong predominantly to the Classical era, including notable red-figure pottery and a bronze Spartan shield. Of particular note are the fragments of pottery inscribed with names, called 'ostraka'. During annual assemblies of citizens to decide the faith of wrongdoers, these shards were submitted as votes; an individual with the most votes would face banishment or "ostracism" from the city for ten years.
On the upper level, the balcony area hosts an intriguing exhibition of the Agora site's excavations and the Stoa's reconstruction, presenting various models, plans, and photos of buildings.
Somewhat reminiscent of a modern shopping mall, but far more aesthetically pleasing, this place provides essential background information about the Agora and a genuine sense of the scale and grandeur of ancient Greece's public buildings.
Tips:
Entry to this museum is included in the Agora ticket, without any separate fee.
While there, don't miss the sweeping view of the grounds from the upper level!
Named after King Attalos II of Pergamon in present-day Turkey, this Stoa was offered to Athens as a gift during his reign in the 2nd century BC. The impressive covered walkway was then fully rebuilt in the 1950s. Stoa of Attalos had a row of 42 closed rooms at the rear on the ground floor which served as shops. In terms of size, measuring 115 meters (or 377 feet) in length and 20 meters (or 65 feet) in width, it surpassed all the other buildings in ancient Athens.
While it may lack the original bright red and blue paint, the reconstruction remains undeniably spectacular in every other aspect. Made of Pentelic marble and limestone, it incorporates different architectural orders: Doric for the exterior colonnade on the ground floor, and Ionic for the interior colonnade.
Inside, the Ancient Agora Museum occupies half the lower level space, showcasing artifacts discovered at the nearby Agora site, spanning from the early Neolithic period to the Roman occupation and Byzantine era.
Many of the early artifacts are sourced from burials. The museum's highlights belong predominantly to the Classical era, including notable red-figure pottery and a bronze Spartan shield. Of particular note are the fragments of pottery inscribed with names, called 'ostraka'. During annual assemblies of citizens to decide the faith of wrongdoers, these shards were submitted as votes; an individual with the most votes would face banishment or "ostracism" from the city for ten years.
On the upper level, the balcony area hosts an intriguing exhibition of the Agora site's excavations and the Stoa's reconstruction, presenting various models, plans, and photos of buildings.
Somewhat reminiscent of a modern shopping mall, but far more aesthetically pleasing, this place provides essential background information about the Agora and a genuine sense of the scale and grandeur of ancient Greece's public buildings.
Tips:
Entry to this museum is included in the Agora ticket, without any separate fee.
While there, don't miss the sweeping view of the grounds from the upper level!
9) Ancient Agora of Athens (must see)
The ancient Agora of Athens sits beneath the revered hill of the Acropolis. This sprawling site contains the remnants of what was once a vast and intricate marketplace complex. In ancient times, the Agora served as the beating heart of public life in the city-state of Athens. Numerous administrative buildings, temples, altars, and roofed shopping arcades known as 'stoas', as well as fountains were constructed around the open square, which took its final shape in the 2nd century AD. Common citizens would gather here to engage in political discussions and participate in the voting process for proposed laws. It was within the Agora council buildings, law courts, and streets that democracy took root and thrived.
In 507 BC, Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms which he termed "demokratia", or the "rule of the people". This consisted of three distinct institutions, such as the "ekklesia", a sovereign governing body responsible for drafting laws and shaping foreign policy; the "boule", a council of representatives from the ten Athenian tribes; and the "dikasteria" – popular courts where citizens presented cases to a panel of randomly selected jurors. Although Athenian democracy lasted only two centuries, it stands as one of ancient Greece's most enduring legacies to the modern world.
Beyond its role as the city's political center, the Agora also served as a venue for religious ceremonies, commercial transactions, theatrical and musical shows, and even athletic competitions. The city mint producing Athens' silver currency was here, just as the state prison in which philosopher Socrates was executed in 399 BC.
Tips:
Admission to the on-site museum is included in the Agora ticket. Water fountains and restrooms are conveniently located nearby.
The site also features a well-marked ancient temple complete with the remains of the ancient drainage system.
In 507 BC, Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms which he termed "demokratia", or the "rule of the people". This consisted of three distinct institutions, such as the "ekklesia", a sovereign governing body responsible for drafting laws and shaping foreign policy; the "boule", a council of representatives from the ten Athenian tribes; and the "dikasteria" – popular courts where citizens presented cases to a panel of randomly selected jurors. Although Athenian democracy lasted only two centuries, it stands as one of ancient Greece's most enduring legacies to the modern world.
Beyond its role as the city's political center, the Agora also served as a venue for religious ceremonies, commercial transactions, theatrical and musical shows, and even athletic competitions. The city mint producing Athens' silver currency was here, just as the state prison in which philosopher Socrates was executed in 399 BC.
Tips:
Admission to the on-site museum is included in the Agora ticket. Water fountains and restrooms are conveniently located nearby.
The site also features a well-marked ancient temple complete with the remains of the ancient drainage system.
10) Temple of Hephaestus (must see)
Topping a hill on the northwest side of the Agora, the temple of Hephaestus, the god of metallurgy, is one of the best-preserved ancient temples in Greece. In part, this is due to its conversion to the Greek Orthodox church between the 7th and the 19th centuries.
This surprisingly intact structure may well not match the Parthenon's remains or the colossal Olympian Zeus temple in terms of grandeur, but it does offer a genuine sense of the true proportions of an authentic Greek house of worship.
In Greek mythology, Hephaestus was the deity associated with fire, metalworking, blacksmiths, and artisans. He alone possessed the skill to craft the indestructible bronze residences in which the other Olympian gods lived.
Construction of the temple began in 449 BC and reportedly took some three decades to complete amid the shortage of human and material resources due to the Parthenon construction at the same time. As documented in the "Description of Greece" by Greek traveler Pausanias in the 2nd century AD, the temple once housed bronze statues of both Athena and Hephaestus.
Tips:
The surrounding trees and shrubs form a small garden where visitors can find shaded spots and enjoy excellent views of other historical locations.
You can explore this site with the Acropolis multi-site ticket, which is highly recommended. For a richer experience, consider obtaining an audio guide. While the entry inside can be limited, you can walk outside to admire the decorative friezes adorning the exterior.
This surprisingly intact structure may well not match the Parthenon's remains or the colossal Olympian Zeus temple in terms of grandeur, but it does offer a genuine sense of the true proportions of an authentic Greek house of worship.
In Greek mythology, Hephaestus was the deity associated with fire, metalworking, blacksmiths, and artisans. He alone possessed the skill to craft the indestructible bronze residences in which the other Olympian gods lived.
Construction of the temple began in 449 BC and reportedly took some three decades to complete amid the shortage of human and material resources due to the Parthenon construction at the same time. As documented in the "Description of Greece" by Greek traveler Pausanias in the 2nd century AD, the temple once housed bronze statues of both Athena and Hephaestus.
Tips:
The surrounding trees and shrubs form a small garden where visitors can find shaded spots and enjoy excellent views of other historical locations.
You can explore this site with the Acropolis multi-site ticket, which is highly recommended. For a richer experience, consider obtaining an audio guide. While the entry inside can be limited, you can walk outside to admire the decorative friezes adorning the exterior.
11) Monastiraki Square (must see)
Monastiraki Square is a major gathering spot for locals and tourists in Athens. As such, it is well worth a visit, if only for a few minutes, just to soak up the lively and often festive atmosphere, which is as Greek as it gets. You can also indulge in some local street snacks like "koulouri", a bagel-like roll sprinkled with sesame seeds.
Monastiraki Square is renowned for its striking juxtaposition of architectural styles. Visitors are greeted by the iconic clock tower of the Ottoman-era Tzistarakis Mosque, which stands alongside the remnants of the ancient Agora and the ruins of the Hadrian’s Library. This eclectic mix of historical landmarks reflects the square’s evolution through various periods, from ancient Greece to Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman times.
The vibrant flea market offers everything from antiques and souvenirs to contemporary fashion. On weekends, the square comes alive with an energetic atmosphere, showcasing traditional Greek music, street performances, and a lively exchange of local culture. And if that's not enough, the surrounding streets are dotted with shops, taverns, bistros, cafes, and tea houses, luring visitors with a chance for a pleasant break.
Monastiraki Square is renowned for its striking juxtaposition of architectural styles. Visitors are greeted by the iconic clock tower of the Ottoman-era Tzistarakis Mosque, which stands alongside the remnants of the ancient Agora and the ruins of the Hadrian’s Library. This eclectic mix of historical landmarks reflects the square’s evolution through various periods, from ancient Greece to Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman times.
The vibrant flea market offers everything from antiques and souvenirs to contemporary fashion. On weekends, the square comes alive with an energetic atmosphere, showcasing traditional Greek music, street performances, and a lively exchange of local culture. And if that's not enough, the surrounding streets are dotted with shops, taverns, bistros, cafes, and tea houses, luring visitors with a chance for a pleasant break.
12) Pandrossou Street Market
A busy marketplace along the narrow Pandrossou Street in Athens is a cluster of nearly one hundred shops. Here you can buy almost anything, from postcards to various souvenirs and local mementos. The selection is vast, and the quality of merchandise on sale including traditional and locally-crafted goods is generally high.
In addition to the typical souvenir stalls, there is a reasonably diverse assortment of antiques, religious icons, and other valuable items. The Sunday flea market is of special note.
Whenever you plan to bring home something truly authentic Greek, this is definitely a worthwhile destination. Just beware of the export rules as the export of genuine objects dating back to the ancient Greek, Roman, or Byzantine periods requires a special permit.
Tip:
At No. 36, the Centre for Hellenic Traditions offers a selection of high-quality traditional handicrafts from various regions of Greece.
Martinos Antiques (at No. 50) is a four-story treasure trove for antique enthusiasts, housing a wealth of rare items. This recently renovated shopping landmark carries enough stuff to piques anybody's interest, be it exquisite dowry chests, vintage swords, precious fabrics, or Venetian glass.
In addition to the typical souvenir stalls, there is a reasonably diverse assortment of antiques, religious icons, and other valuable items. The Sunday flea market is of special note.
Whenever you plan to bring home something truly authentic Greek, this is definitely a worthwhile destination. Just beware of the export rules as the export of genuine objects dating back to the ancient Greek, Roman, or Byzantine periods requires a special permit.
Tip:
At No. 36, the Centre for Hellenic Traditions offers a selection of high-quality traditional handicrafts from various regions of Greece.
Martinos Antiques (at No. 50) is a four-story treasure trove for antique enthusiasts, housing a wealth of rare items. This recently renovated shopping landmark carries enough stuff to piques anybody's interest, be it exquisite dowry chests, vintage swords, precious fabrics, or Venetian glass.
13) Metropolitan Cathedral
Popularly known as the "Metropolis", the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens is a prominent city landmark. In place since the mid-19th century, it has hosted numerous ceremonial events of national importance, such as coronations and royal weddings as well as funerals of notable individuals.
Construction on the Metropolis began on Christmas Day of 1842. To erect the colossal walls, marble from 72 dismantled churches across the country had been gathered. After 20 years of work led by three architects, the church was completed and consecrated in the name of the Annunciation of the Virgin. Measuring 40 meters (130 feet) in length, 20 meters (65 feet) in width, and 24 meters (80 feet) in height, this cathedral is the largest religious building in Athens.
In keeping with the Greek Orthodox faith, the interior is lavishly adorned with icons, detailed murals, and other intricate decorations.
Inside the temple are the tombs of two saints – Saint Philothéi and Patriarch Gregory V – martyred by the Ottoman Turks during their rule. Saint Philothéi, who died in 1589, is interred in a silver reliquary. Her benevolent deeds included the ransom of Greek women held captive in Turkish harems. As for Patriarch Gregory V, he served as the Patriarch of Constantinople and was executed in 1821. Greek sailors rescued his body from the Bosphorus and took it to Odessa, Russia. Half a century later, it was brought back to Athens.
In the out front square, two statues commemorate the last Byzantine Emperor, who perished defending Constantinople against the Turks in 1453, and the Archbishop of Athens, who played a crucial role in safeguarding Athens' Jewish community from Nazi persecution during World War II. The square itself provides a tranquil alternative to the outside bustle, making it an excellent spot to enjoy a drink at one of the local cafes.
Construction on the Metropolis began on Christmas Day of 1842. To erect the colossal walls, marble from 72 dismantled churches across the country had been gathered. After 20 years of work led by three architects, the church was completed and consecrated in the name of the Annunciation of the Virgin. Measuring 40 meters (130 feet) in length, 20 meters (65 feet) in width, and 24 meters (80 feet) in height, this cathedral is the largest religious building in Athens.
In keeping with the Greek Orthodox faith, the interior is lavishly adorned with icons, detailed murals, and other intricate decorations.
Inside the temple are the tombs of two saints – Saint Philothéi and Patriarch Gregory V – martyred by the Ottoman Turks during their rule. Saint Philothéi, who died in 1589, is interred in a silver reliquary. Her benevolent deeds included the ransom of Greek women held captive in Turkish harems. As for Patriarch Gregory V, he served as the Patriarch of Constantinople and was executed in 1821. Greek sailors rescued his body from the Bosphorus and took it to Odessa, Russia. Half a century later, it was brought back to Athens.
In the out front square, two statues commemorate the last Byzantine Emperor, who perished defending Constantinople against the Turks in 1453, and the Archbishop of Athens, who played a crucial role in safeguarding Athens' Jewish community from Nazi persecution during World War II. The square itself provides a tranquil alternative to the outside bustle, making it an excellent spot to enjoy a drink at one of the local cafes.
14) Ermou Street
Ermou Street is the most exclusive shopping avenue in Athens and is one of Europe's priciest. Stretching for one-and-a-half kilometers conveniently connects to the Constitution Square at one end; it is especially pleasant for a stroll since it is a pedestrian street. The street derives its name from Hermes, the god of trade; many Greek towns have their own Ermou Street.
A wide range of shops found here offer everything, from high-end fashion and souvenirs to leather goods, embroidery, and fine jewelry. Amidst the bustle, you will also find a few excellent local grocery stores and numerous cafes where you can pause for a coffee or tea.
Right amid this shopping strip stands a small 11th-century church of Kapnikarea with a dome supported by four imposing Roman columns. The church was saved from demolition and restored by Athens University.
At the corner of Christopoulou Street, consider making a stop at the eatery of the same name, which serves delicious meze dishes accompanied by live Greek blues, known as "rembetika", between 6 and 11 PM. The ambiance is relaxed, reflecting the owner's heritage from the "longevity island" of Ikaria.
Tip:
Keep in mind that many shops in the area are typically closed on Sundays.
A wide range of shops found here offer everything, from high-end fashion and souvenirs to leather goods, embroidery, and fine jewelry. Amidst the bustle, you will also find a few excellent local grocery stores and numerous cafes where you can pause for a coffee or tea.
Right amid this shopping strip stands a small 11th-century church of Kapnikarea with a dome supported by four imposing Roman columns. The church was saved from demolition and restored by Athens University.
At the corner of Christopoulou Street, consider making a stop at the eatery of the same name, which serves delicious meze dishes accompanied by live Greek blues, known as "rembetika", between 6 and 11 PM. The ambiance is relaxed, reflecting the owner's heritage from the "longevity island" of Ikaria.
Tip:
Keep in mind that many shops in the area are typically closed on Sundays.
15) Syntagma Square (Constitution Square)
Constitution Square is a spacious public square in front of the 19th-century Royal Palace, the seat of the Greek Parliament since 1935. A popular meeting place with many visitors, it owes its name to the Constitution granted by King Otto, Greece's first monarch, in 1843 following a joint public and military uprising.
Today, the Constitution Square is well connected to many of the city's top attractions by roads, which also makes it a vital transportation hub with tram, bus, and subway services providing access to various essential destinations in and around Athens. It is also an important venue for public gatherings and political rallies.
The square is laid on two levels, with the eastern section elevated above the western part. At the center is a fountain, which, together with several benches, creates a perfect relaxation zone complemented by free public WiFi, two green areas planted with pine and orange trees, and cafes offering refreshments. The entire space is clad in white marble and was recently fitted with new lampposts.
A notable element of the square is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Here, the daily National Guard ceremony attracts tourists with a synchronized, high-stepping routine performed by soldiers dressed in distinctive uniforms, featuring kilts and pom-pom clogs. The tomb itself displays a poignant relief depicting a dying Greek hoplite warrior and was unveiled on the Independence Day of March 25, 1932.
Tip:
The lower end of the square is the starting point of Ermou Street, Athens' primary shopping thoroughfare.
Today, the Constitution Square is well connected to many of the city's top attractions by roads, which also makes it a vital transportation hub with tram, bus, and subway services providing access to various essential destinations in and around Athens. It is also an important venue for public gatherings and political rallies.
The square is laid on two levels, with the eastern section elevated above the western part. At the center is a fountain, which, together with several benches, creates a perfect relaxation zone complemented by free public WiFi, two green areas planted with pine and orange trees, and cafes offering refreshments. The entire space is clad in white marble and was recently fitted with new lampposts.
A notable element of the square is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Here, the daily National Guard ceremony attracts tourists with a synchronized, high-stepping routine performed by soldiers dressed in distinctive uniforms, featuring kilts and pom-pom clogs. The tomb itself displays a poignant relief depicting a dying Greek hoplite warrior and was unveiled on the Independence Day of March 25, 1932.
Tip:
The lower end of the square is the starting point of Ermou Street, Athens' primary shopping thoroughfare.
16) Hellenic Parliament House
The Hellenic Parliament is housed in a historic building that once served as home to the Greek Royal Family. Constructed in 1840 by Bavarian architect Friedrich von Gärtner, the neoclassical palace was initially the official residence of King Otto, Greece's first monarch. The construction marked the end of Turkish occupation and was funded by Otto's father, King Ludwig of Bavaria. After being damaged by a fire in the early 20th century, the Royal Family relocated to a new palace, which today serves as the Presidential Mansion.
To make it suitable as a Parliament seat, the imposing edifice underwent extensive renovations. In 1935, it became home to the Greek National Assembly and presently accommodates the offices of the Assembly's President, as well as archives and other services. Its western façade, overlooking Syntagma Square, has a Doric portico clad in Pentelic marble. In front of the building lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a memorial honoring all Greeks who have lost their lives in wars serving their country.
Tip:
Public access to the palace is open only from one side. Please note that visitors are not allowed to walk on the marble stairs. No tour guide is available.
To make it suitable as a Parliament seat, the imposing edifice underwent extensive renovations. In 1935, it became home to the Greek National Assembly and presently accommodates the offices of the Assembly's President, as well as archives and other services. Its western façade, overlooking Syntagma Square, has a Doric portico clad in Pentelic marble. In front of the building lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a memorial honoring all Greeks who have lost their lives in wars serving their country.
Tip:
Public access to the palace is open only from one side. Please note that visitors are not allowed to walk on the marble stairs. No tour guide is available.
Walking Tours in Athens, Greece
Create Your Own Walk in Athens
Creating your own self-guided walk in Athens is easy and fun. Choose the city attractions that you want to see and a walk route map will be created just for you. You can even set your hotel as the start point of the walk.
Plaka Attractions Walking Tour
In the shadow of the Acropolis stands Plaka, the most picturesque and oldest district of Athens, with continuous habitation from antiquity until today. The “neighborhood of the Gods”, as it is called, is like a romantic, atmospheric trip to old Athens adorned with antiquities, historic 19th-century buildings, museums and Byzantine churches.
From the vibrant Syntagma Square walking down... view more
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.6 Km or 2.2 Miles
From the vibrant Syntagma Square walking down... view more
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.6 Km or 2.2 Miles
Walking Tour Around the Legendary Acropolis
Also called "the sacred rock", the Acropolis was home to temples and sanctuaries throughout recorded history, and is a symbol of the city of Athens. Its religious importance was paramount to the ancient Greeks, and the buildings on the summit still capture the essence of their classical architecture. You can see the temples from most parts of the city, which adds to the feeling that this... view more
Tour Duration: 1 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 1.0 Km or 0.6 Miles
Tour Duration: 1 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 1.0 Km or 0.6 Miles
Athens Food Walking Tour
Traditional Greek cuisine is one of the healthiest in the world, and prices in all but the flashiest establishments afford excellent value. The prevalence of vegetable and dairy dishes makes eating out a delight for non-meat eaters. Carefully selected appetizers (tzatzíki, dolmádes, kalamarákia) can constitute a full meal. Greece’s most famous slow-cooked oven dish, however, is probably... view more
Tour Duration: 1 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 2.2 Km or 1.4 Miles
Tour Duration: 1 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 2.2 Km or 1.4 Miles
Walking Around the National Garden
The National Garden is an impressive, historic park in the center of Athens, complete with artificial streams and duck ponds. Formerly known as the Royal Garden, it was commissioned by King Otto’s queen, Amalia, in 1838, reason why it is located directly behind the Old Palace (currently the Greek Parliament building). Not only is it a welcome refuge from the swirl of traffic just outside the... view more
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.4 Km or 2.1 Miles
Tour Duration: 2 Hour(s)
Travel Distance: 3.4 Km or 2.1 Miles
Useful Travel Guides for Planning Your Trip
Souvenirs Shopping: 19 Uniquely Greek Products to Bring from Athens
A cradle of European civilization, Greece, in general, and Athens, in particular, have long been - from the days of the Roman Empire up until present - the lure for travelers and history buffs seeking to find and bring home something memorable. Today's Athens (much as its ancient self) offers a...
A Self-Guided Food Walk in Athens
Just as many things in Greece, dining in Athens is very much laid-back with the majority of local eateries seeing patrons begin to congregate for dinner only after 8 pm. Eating-wise, the Athenians favor simplicity, leaning to the more casual and not so pricey tavernas where food is plentiful. To...
15 Best Cafes in Athens
While in Athens it is immediately noticeable that the local cafe culture thriving. Through this directory you will get a chance to visit very different establishments, ranging from "kafenia", to hip, modern coffee shops and get first hand experience of the diversity of contemporary Greek...
The Most Popular Cities
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